Table 2.
Patient Characteristics and Annotation Results at Second Resection for Nonenhancing Lesions only, Stratified According to the Presence of T2-FLAIR Mismatch Sign
| T2-FLAIR mismatch sign | Absent (n = 23) | Present (n = 20) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female sex (%) | 9 (39%) | 12 (60%) | 0.23 |
| Median age at diagnosis in y (range) | 27.0 (18.0–54.0) | 28.0 (19.0–41.0) | 0.90 |
| Median time since diagnosis in y (range) | 3.6 (1.2–18.7) | 3.8 (1.3–14.9) | 0.80 |
| Median overall post-resection survival (OS-R2) in y (95% CI) | 5.4 (4.0—N/A) | N/A (7.4—N/A) | 0.009 |
| Median progression-free post-resection survival (PFS-R2) in y (95% CI) | 2.7 (1.4–7.7) | 5.2 (1.8—N/A) | 0.13 |
| CNS WHO-2021 grade | |||
| Grade 2 | 15 (65%) | 17 (85%) | 0.18 |
| Grade 3 | 4 (17%) | 2 (10%) | 0.67 |
| Grade 4 | 4 (17%) | 1 (5%) | 0.35 |
| KPS before resection | |||
| 100 | 14 (61%) | 11 (55%) | 0.76 |
| 90 | 8 (35%) | 6 (30%) | 1.00 |
| <90 | 1 (4%) | 3 (15%) | 0.32 |
| Location | |||
| Side of lesion center | |||
| Left | 13 (57%) | 12 (60%) | 1.00 |
| Right | 10 (43%) | 8 (40%) | 1.00 |
| Center | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.00 |
| Location in or near eloquent regions (Sawaya et al.) | |||
| Eloquent (III) | 14 (61%) | 7 (35%) | 0.13 |
| Near-eloquent (II) | 5 (22%) | 6 (30%) | 0.73 |
| Noneloquent (I) | 4 (17%) | 7 (35%) | 0.29 |
| Tumor site (multiple sites possible) | |||
| Frontal lobe | 16 (70%) | 18 (90%) | 0.14 |
| Temporal lobe | 11 (48%) | 5 (25%) | 0.21 |
| Insula | 7 (30%) | 4 (20%) | 0.50 |
| Corpus callosum | 5 (22%) | 0 (0%) | 0.05 |
| Parietal lobe | 4 (17%) | 1 (5%) | 0.35 |
| Occipital lobe | 1 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 1.00 |
| Treatment | |||
| Extent of resection | |||
| Partial resection | 18 (78%) | 10 (50%) | 0.06 |
| Complete resection | 5 (22%) | 10 (50%) | 0.06 |
| Radiotherapy | 9 (39%) | 9 (45%) | 0.76 |
| Chemotherapy | 5 (22%) | 6 (30%) | 0.73 |
| Prior treatment | |||
| Radiotherapy | 3 (13%) | 2 (10%) | 1.00 |
| Chemotherapy | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1.00 |
| Biopsy | 1 (4%) | 1 (5%) | 1.00 |
| Radiological features | |||
| Median contrast-enhancing volume in mL (range) | 0.0 (0.0–0.1) | 0.0 (0.0–0.1) | 0.79 |
| Median whole tumor volume in mL (range) | 11.5 (1.7–73.1) | 11.4 (1.3–29.0) | 0.53 |
| Thickness of enhancing margin | |||
| Not applicable | 21 (91%) | 18 (90%) | 1.00 |
| Thin (<3 mm) | 2 (9%) | 2 (10%) | 1.00 |
| Growth pattern | |||
| Mostly invasive | 7 (32%) | 3 (17%) | 0.46 |
| Mostly expansive | 0 (0%) | 4 (22%) | 0.03 |
| Mixed | 8 (36%) | 5 (28%) | 0.74 |
| Not sure | 7 (32%) | 6 (33%) | 1.00 |
| Not availablea | 1 | 2 | 0.59 |
Notes: Missing values are reported as “Not available,” but not included in the computation of percentages and P-values. *The growth pattern could not be assessed if no reference scan was available prior to progression (see Section 2.5).
aThe growth pattern could not be assessed if no reference scan was available prior to progression (see section 2.5).