Table 1.
Patients’ Characteristics at the Time of EVAR.
| Control group
(n = 98) |
IMA group
(n = 16) |
PELI group
(n = 31) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) * | 77.2 ± 7.1 | 76.1 ± 8.0 | 78.0 ± 6.2 | 0.66 |
| Sex | 0.78 | |||
| Male | 83 (84.7%) | 14 (87.5%) | 25 (80.6%) | |
| Female | 15 (15.3%) | 2 (12.5%) | 6 (19.4%) | |
| AAA diameter (mm) * | 54.7 ± 10.7 | 53.1 ± 8.8 | 53.3 ± 9.8 | 0.71 |
| Stent graft | 0.36 | |||
| Excluder | 63 (64.3%) | 10 (62.5%) | 16 (51.6%) | |
| Endurant | 26 (26.5%) | 3 (18.8%) | 12 (38.7%) | |
| AFX | 5 (5.1%) | 2 (12.5%) | 3 (9.7%) | |
| Zenith | 4 (4.1%) | 1 (6.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| The number of anatomical factors outside the instructions for use | 0.40 | |||
| 0 | 54 (55.1%) | 8 (50.0%) | 12 (38.7%) | |
| 1 | 31 (31.6%) | 6 (37.5%) | 16 (51.6%) | |
| 2 | 13 (13.3%) | 2 (12.5%) | 3 (9.7%) | |
| Anatomical factors outside the instructions for use | ||||
| Neck angle | 28 (28.6%) | 3 (18.8%) | 12 (38.7%) | 0.37 |
| Neck length | 2 (2.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (3.2%) | 0.69 |
| Neck diameter | 10 (10.2%) | 1 (6.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.16 |
| Neck calcification | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.00 |
| Neck thrombus | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.00 |
| Reverse taper neck | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (3.2%) | 0.32 |
| Iliac artery diameter | 1 (1.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.00 |
| Bilateral iliac artery occlusion | 16 (16.3%) | 6 (37.5%) | 8 (25.8%) | 0.10 |
| Chronic kidney disease** | 43 (43.9%) | 9 (56.2%) | 14 (45.2%) | 0.66 |
| Smoking history | 54 (65.9%) | 14 (87.5%) | 22 (71.0%) | 0.22 |
| Hypertension | 22 (22.4%) | 6 (37.5%) | 16 (51.6%) | 0.01 |
| Dyslipidemia | 10 (10.2%) | 1 (6.2%) | 3 (9.7%) | 1 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 12 (12.2%) | 2 (12.5%) | 3 (9.7%) | 1 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 10 (10.2%) | 4 (25.0%) | 1 (3.2%) | 0.07 |
| Coronary arterial disease | 18 (18.4%) | 2 (12.5%) | 9 (29.0%) | 0.33 |
Data are shown as n (%) unless indicated otherwise. P values were calculated with Fisher’s exact test.
*Data are mean ± standard deviation. P values were calculated with the one-way analysis of variance.
**Chronic kidney disease is defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2.
AAA, abdominal aortic aneurysm; Control group, patients without PE; EVAR, endovascular aneurysm repair; IMA, inferior mesenteric artery; IMA group, patients who had PE of the IMA only; PE, preemptive embolization; PELI, preemptive embolization of both lumbar arteries and IMA; PELI group, patients who had PE of both lumbar arteries and IMA