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. 2023 Sep 18;228(11):1610–1620. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiad391

Figure 7.

Figure 7.

Proposed model of Gardnerella VLY potentiating Neisseria gonorrhoeae virulence. Gardnerella secretes VLY, which forms pores in cervical epithelial cells. Pore formation leads to a release of intracellular contents, including CMP-Neu5Ac. N. gonorrhoeae scavenges released CMP-Neu5Ac to sialylate its LOS, which enhances its ability to evade host immunity. Abbreviations: CMP-Neu5Ac, cytidine-5′-monophospho-N-acetyl neuraminic acid; LOS, lipooligosaccharide; Lst, LOS-sialyltransferase; VLY, vaginolysin.