. 2023 Nov 7;9(11):e21756. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21756

Table 1.

Physical and mechanical properties of pectin films.

Films	Thickness (μm)	Moisture Content (%)	Water vapor transmission rate (g m⁻² day⁻¹)	Water vapor permeability (x 10⁻¹⁰ g m⁻¹ s⁻¹ Pa⁻¹)	Tensile strength (MPa)	Elongation at break (%)	Young modulus (MPa)
Pec	32.11 ± 1.18^a	11.43 ± 0.46^a	265.65 ± 10.98^a	0.62 ± 0.03^a	68.27 ± 2.50^f	3.31 ± 0.45^a	94.57 ± 2.75^d
Pec-Gly	41.88 ± 2.50^b	22.52 ± 0.94^f	422.81 ± 89.30^c	1.29 ± 0.27^b	32.41 ± 2.41^d	19.38 ± 2.48^d	11.16 ± 0.75^b
Pec-NADES	45.33 ± 2.79^c	19.08 ± 0.78^e	430.91 ± 13.99^c	1.43 ± 0.05^b	30.81 ± 0.88^d	16.29 ± 1.83^c	12.36 ± 1.67^c
Pec-NADESext	47.23 ± 3.37^cd	16.78 ± 0.79^b	396.83 ± 15.93^bc	1.37 ± 0.05^b	39.62 ± 2.11^e	14.77 ± 1.16^b	12.66 ± 1.07^c
Pec-NADES-0.5 %	49.75 ± 4.80^d	18.64 ± 0.86^de	370.42 ± 4.86^bc	1.35 ± 0.02^b	21.28 ± 2.95^c	20.59 ± 2.58^de	12.16 ± 0.90^bc
Pec-NADES-1%	65.38 ± 4.48^e	17.33 ± 0.54^bc	362.55 ± 27.11^bc	1.73 ± 0.13^c	18.85 ± 2.84^b	22.04 ± 1.69^e	11.14 ± 0.58^b
Pec-NADES-2%	82.46 ± 6.29^f	17.78 ± 0.79^cd	343.96 ± 2.84^b	2.07 ± 0.02^d	14.15 ± 1.64^a	25.37 ± 3.31^f	8.74 ± 0.58^a

Different lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the properties of pectin films.