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. 2023 Nov 27;14:7771. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-43334-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Cumulative TA and KGN release profiles from PTK hydrogel. b Cell viability treated with PMI, PTA, PKG, and PTK hydrogels. c Live/Dead assay of BMSCs incubated with PMI, PTA, PKG, and PTK hydrogels for 24 or 96 h. Scale bar: 200 μm. d Antioxidative efficiency of PTK hydrogel with different concentrations. e In vitro anti-inflammation of PTK hydrogel by IL-6 ELISA test. f Photographs of the survival of E. coli and S. aureus clones after incubation with PBS, KGN, TA, PMI, PKG, PTA, and PTK hydrogels for 12 h. Scale bar: 2 cm. g Quantitative antibacterial efficiency of PBS, KGN, TA, PMI, PKG, PTA, and PTK hydrogels. Values in a, b, d, e, and g represent mean ± SD. One-way ANOVA test. Source data are provided as a Source data file. (n = 3 independent samples. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001).