Table 3.
Model validation: results from the Likert Scale Survey (n = 17).
| Novices/intermediate (n = 11) | Expert (n = 7) | Overall (n = 18) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Face validity (mean score [SD]) | 4.44 (0.61) | 3.8 (0.79) | 4.16 (0.79) | 0.0002 |
| Realism of the model (mean score [SD]) | 4.33 (0.4) | 4.14 (0.57) | 4.25 (0.83) | 0.916 |
| 3D neonatal thorax model (working environment) (mean score [SD]) | 4.66 (0.51) | 4.28 (0.95) | 4.5 (0.71) | 0.07 |
| Proximal esophageal pouch caliber (mean score [SD]) | 4.55 (0.69) | 3.71 (0.75) | 4.18 (0.78) | 0.003 |
| Distal esophageal pouch caliber (mean score [SD]) | 4.44 (0.70) | 3.57 (0.53) | 4.06 (0.78) | 0.035 |
| TEF caliber (mean score [SD]) | 4.22 (1.15) | 3.28 (0.48) | 3.81 (1.05) | 0.002 |
| Haptic feedback on materials (mean score [SD]) | 4.13 (1.03) | 3.77 (0.75) | 3.97 (0.93) | 0.05 |
| General appearance (mean score [SD]) | 4.33 (1.07) | 4 (0.75) | 4.17 (0.94) | 0.015 |
| 3D neonatal thorax model (working environment) (mean score [SD]) | 4.33 (0.84) | 4.14 (0.89) | 4.25 (0.84) | 0.285 |
| Proximal esophageal pouch (mean score [SD]) | 3.88 (1.23) | 3.57 (0.78) | 3.75 (1.04) | 0.035 |
| Distal esophageal pouch caliber (mean score [SD]) | 3.88 (1.10) | 3.57 (0.78) | 3.75 (0.97) | 0.003 |
| TEF caliber (mean score [SD]) | 4.22 (0.82) | 3.57 (0.53) | 3.93 (0.79) | 0.836 |
| Content validity (mean score [SD]) | 4.52 (0.89) | 4.28 (0.78) | 4.41 (0.84) | 0.003 |
| Value and suitable as a training tool (mean score [SD]) | 4.77 (0.67) | 4.57 (0.54) | 4.68 (0.66) | 0.264 |
| TEF dissection and ligation (mean score [SD]) | 4.33 (0.96) | 4.12 (0.89) | 4.25 (0.91) | 0.090 |
| EA anastomosis (mean score [SD]) | 4.44 (1.05) | 4.14 (0.89) | 4.31 (0.97) | 0.039 |
| Overall impression (mean score [SD]) | 4.70 (0.31) | 4.62 (0.53) | 4.66 (0.43) | 0.07 |
| Useful as simulator (mean score [SD]) | 4.88 (0.31) | 4.57 (0.54) | 4.75 (0.44) | 0.061 |
| Useful as thoracoscopic EA with TEF training tool (mean score [SD]) | 4.66 (0.51) | 4.57 (0.53) | 4.63 (0.51) | 1.000 |
| Useful as training and educational tool (mean score [SD]) | 4.55 (0.51) | 4.71 (0.48) | 4.62 (0.49) | 0.529 |