Table 2.

Maternal exposure to childhood abuse and neglect and mental and behavioral disorders and total difficulties psychiatric symptoms in children

	Mental and behavioral disorders in childrena		SDQ total difficulties in childrenb
	HR (95% CI)	p	B (95% CI)	p
Maternal exposure to childhood abuse continuous sum scorec
Model 1	1.20 (1.06–1.37)	0.004	0.20 (0.16–0.24)	< 0.001
Model 2	1.11 (0.98–1.26)	0.11	0.18 (0.14–0.22)	< 0.001
Maternal childhood abuse score above the cutoff indicating exposure to moderate to severe abuse, yes vs. nod
Model 1	1.48 (1.08–2.05)	0.02	0.36 (0.25–0.48)	< 0.001
Model 2	1.22 (0.87–1.70)	0.24	0.29 (0.18–0.40)	< 0.001
Maternal exposure to childhood neglect continuous sum scoree
Model 1	1.08 (0.95–1.23)	0.23	0.18 (0.14–0.22)	< 0.001
Model 2	1.00 (0.88–1.14)	0.94	0.16 (0.12–0.20)	< 0.001
Maternal childhood neglect score above the cutoff indicating exposure to moderate to severe neglect, yes vs. nof
Model 1	0.97 (0.70–1.36)	0.86	0.33 (0.22–0.43)	< 0.001
Model 2	0.82 (0.58–1.15)	0.25	0.27 (0.17–0.38)	< 0.001

Model 1 is adjusted for child sex and birth year and maternal age (models with child diagnosis) and child sex and age and maternal age (models with child total difficulties)

Model 2 is further adjusted for maternal lifetime mental and behavioral disorders and maternal education level (all models)

HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, B unstandardized regression coefficients from linear regression models, SDQ Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire

^aDiagnosed according to International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes: F00–F99

^bSDQ total difficulties psychiatric symptom score, expressed in standard deviation units

^cA continuous sum score of maternal exposure to childhood abuse in her own childhood, summing up Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) subscale scores on physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. The sum score is expressed in standard deviation units

^dA dichotomous cut-off score of maternal exposure to childhood abuse in her own childhood, indicating whether the mother scored above any of the cut-off scores for moderate-to-severe childhood abuse (≥ 10 physical abuse, ≥ 13 emotional abuse, ≥ 8 sexual abuse). The cut-off scores were provided by the CTQ manual. The variable reflects maternal exposure to any type of moderate-to-severe childhood abuse in her own childhood

^eA continuous sum score of maternal exposure to childhood neglect in her own childhood, calculated by summing up the CTQ scores of the scales on emotional and physical neglect. The sum score is expressed in standard deviation units

^fA dichotomous cut-off score variable of maternal exposure to childhood neglect in her own childhood. We used the CTQ manual cut-off scores (10 physical neglect and ≥ 15 emotional neglect) to calculate this variable, which reflects maternal exposure to any type of moderate-to-severe childhood neglect in her own childhood