Table 1.

Data description

Variables	Abbreviation	Description	Sources
Environmental policy stringency	EPS	Environmental policy stringency index	OECD
Energy transition	ET	Renewable energy supply, % total energy supply	OECD
Climate change mitigation	CC	Carbon dioxide emissions (mt)	WDI
Gross domestic product	GDP	Gross domestic product (constant 2010 US$)	WDI
Non-renewable energy	NRE	Fossil fuel consumption (% of total)	WDI
Technological development	R&D	patent applications	WDI
Foreign direct investment	FDI	FDI net inflows (BoP, current US$)	WDI