Table 5.
Measures for the assessment of voiding difficulty
| Number of studies | Reference numbers of the studies | |
|---|---|---|
| Post void residual volume | 10 | |
| >50 ml | 1 | (46) |
| >100 ml | 6 | (39, 41, 43–48, 47) |
| >150 ml | 1 | (38) |
| >200 ml | 1 | (42) |
| >25% of total bladder volume | 1 | (40) |
| Urin flow studies | ||
| Q max | 4 | |
| <12 ml/s | 1 | (47) |
| <15 ml/s | 3 | (38, 42, 45) |
| Bladder outlet obstruction | ||
| Pdet Max >40 cm H2O | 1 | (45) |
| Pdet Qmax >20 cm H2O with Qmax <12 | 1 | (47) |
| Detrusor underactivity | ||
| Bladder Contractility Index | 1 | (39) |
| Schafer’s grading | 1 | (50) |
| Pdet Max <10 cm H2O | 1 | (42) |
| Prolapse reduction during voiding assessment | 3 | (41, 42, 46) |
Qmax maximum flow rate, Pdet Max maximum detrusor pressure as measured during pressure flow studies, Pdet Qmax pressure detrusor at maximum flow rate, DU detrusor underactivity