Table 2.
Differences in demographic and clinical characteristics at enrollment between the low anxiety and high anxiety classes in the RNA-seq sample
| Characteristic | Low Anxiety (1) 62.3% (n = 152) |
High Anxiety (2) 37.7% (n = 92) |
Statistics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
| Age (years) | 58.6 (11.8) | 53.2 (12.6) | t = 3.34, p <0.001 |
| Education (years) | 16.4 (3.1) | 15.8 (3.1) | t = 1.56, p = 0.119 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.9 (4.6) | 26.6 (6.2) | t = − 0.94, p = 0.351 |
| KPS score | 81.6 (12.1) | 72.9 (11.3) | t = 5.59, p < 0.001 |
| Number of comorbidities | 2.2 (1.4) | 3.0 (1.7) | t = − 3.83, p < 0.001 |
| SCQ score | 5.0 (3.0) | 7.0 (4.1) | t = − 4.25, p < 0.001 |
| AUDIT score | 2.8 (1.8) | 2.8 (2.4) | t = − 0.11, p = 0.913 |
| Time since diagnosis (years) | 1.6 (2.9) | 1.2 (1.8) | U, p = 0.811 |
| Time since diagnosis (years, median) | 0.4 | 0.5 | |
| Number of prior cancer treatments | 1.5 (1.4) | 1.5 (1.3) | t = 0.10, p = 0.921 |
| Number of metastatic sites including lymph node involvement | 1.1 (1.1) | 1.1 (1.3) | t = − 0.09, p = 0.928 |
| Number of metastatic sites excluding lymph node involvement | 0.7 (1.0) | 0.7 (1.1) | t = − 0.35, p = 0.729 |
| MAX2 score | 0.17 (0.08) | 0.19 (0.08) | t = − 2.37, p = 0.019 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.5 (1.4) | 11.3 (1.4) | t = 1.03, p = 0.303 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 34.4 (3.9) | 33.7 (4.1) | t = 1.32, p = 0.188 |
| % (n) | % (n) | ||
| Gender | FE, p = 0.003 | ||
| Female | 74.3 (113) | 90.2 (83) | |
| Male | 25.7 (39) | 9.8 (9) | |
| Ethnicity | X2 = 5.97, p = | ||
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 17.1 (26) | 12.0 (11) | 0.113 |
| Black | 7.9 (12) | 6.5 (6) | |
| Hispanic, Mixed, or Other | 9.2 (14) | 19.6 (18) | |
| White | 65.8 (100) | 62.0 (57) | |
| Married or partnered (% yes) | 65.8 (100) | 55.4 (51) | FE, p = 0.134 |
| Lives alone (% yes) | 18.4 (28) | 34.8 (32) | FE, p = 0.006 |
| Childcare responsibilities (% yes) | 21.7 (33) | 26.1 (24) | FE, p = 0.440 |
| Care of adult responsibilities (% yes) | 7.9 (12) | 6.5 (6) | FE, p = 0.804 |
| Currently employed (% yes) | 34.9 (53) | 28.3 (26) | FE, p = 0.324 |
| Income | U, p = 0.007 | ||
| < $30,000 | 13.8 (21) | 31.5 (29) | 1 > 2 |
| $30,000 to < $70,000 | 19.7 (30) | 21.7 (20) | |
| $70,000 to < $100,000 | 27.0 (41) | 14.1 (13) | |
| ≥ $100,000 | 39.5 (60) | 32.6 (30) | |
| Specific comorbidities (% yes) | |||
| Heart disease | 5.3 (8) | 3.3 (3) | FE, p = 0.542 |
| High blood pressure | 32.9 (50) | 33.7 (31) | FE, p = 1.000 |
| Lung disease | 5.3 (8) | 16.3 (15) | FE, p = 0.006 |
| Diabetes | 9.9 (15) | 13.0 (12) | FE, p = 0.528 |
| Ulcer or stomach disease | 3.9 (6) | 4.3 (4) | FE, p = 1.000 |
| Kidney disease | 0.7 (1) | 2.2 (2) | FE, p = 0.559 |
| Liver disease | 5.2 (8) | 6.5 (6) | FE, p = 0.778 |
| Anemia or blood disease | 7.9 (12) | 15.2 (14) | FE, p = 0.088 |
| Depression | 9.2 (14) | 43.5 (40) | FE, p <0.001 |
| Osteoarthritis | 11.8 (18) | 12.0 (11) | FE, p = 1.000 |
| Back pain | 21.7 (33) | 45.7 (42) | FE, p <0.001 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 5.9 (9) | 5.3 (5) | FE, p = 1.000 |
| Exercise on a regular basis (% yes) | 69.1 (105) | 58.7 (54) | FE, p = 0.127 |
| Smoking current or history of (% yes) | 29.6 (45) | 42.4 (39) | FE, p = 0.052 |
| Cancer diagnosis | X2 = 16.19, p = 0.001 | ||
| Breast | 40.1 (61) | 40.2 (37) | NS |
| Gastrointestinal | 42.1 (64) | 22.8 (21) | 1 > 2 |
| Gynecological | 13.2 (20) | 21.7 (20) | NS |
| Lung | 4.6 (7) | 15.2 (14) | 1 < 2 |
| Type of prior cancer treatment | X2 = 2.87, p= 0.413 | ||
| No prior treatment | 28.3 (43) | 23.9 (22) | |
| Only surgery, CTX, or RT | 41.4 (63) | 51.1 (47) | |
| Surgery & CTX, or surgery & RT, or CTX & RT | 19.1 (29) | 13.0 (12) | |
| Surgery & CTX & RT | 11.2 (17) | 12.0 (11) | |
| CTX cycle length |
U, p <0.001 1 < 2 |
||
| 14-day cycle | 57.9 (88) | 34.8 (32) | |
| 21-day cycle | 35.5 (54) | 56.5 (52) | |
| 28-day cycle | 6.6 (10) | 8.7 (8) | |
| Emetogenicity of CTX | U, p = 0.486 | ||
| Minimal/low | 14.5 (22) | 18.5 (17) | |
| Moderate | 69.7 (106) | 56.5 (52) | |
| High | 15.8 (24) | 25.0 (23) | |
| Antiemetic regimens | X2 = 6.10, p = 0.107 | ||
| None | 5.9 (9) | 4.3 (4) | |
| Steroid alone or serotonin receptor antagonist alone | 18.4 (28) | 18.5 (17) | |
| Serotonin receptor antagonist and steroid | 54.6 (83) | 42.4 (39) | |
| NK-1 receptor antagonist and two other antiemetics | 21.1 (32) | 34.8 (32) |
AUDIT Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, CTX chemotherapy, FE Fisher’s exact test, g/dL grams per deciliter, kg kilograms, KPS Karnofsky Performance Status, m2 meter squared, NK-1 neurokinin-1, NS not significant, RNA-seq ribonucleic acid sequencing, RT radiation therapy, SCQ Self-administered Comorbidity Questionnaire, SD standard deviation, U Mann-Whitney U test