Table 3.
Established and novel biomarkers and their proposed roles in the screening of RICD
| Pathway | Biomarker | Proposed role in RICD | Expert consensus and guideline screening recommendations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Myocardial injury | cTnT, hsTnT | Damage to cardiomyocyte | ESMO |
| BNP, NT-proBNP | Mechanical stress to myocardium | ICOS, ESC, ESMO | |
| Inflammation | CRP | Acute phase inflammation | No |
| MPO | Oxidative stress and inflammation mediated by neutrophils | No | |
| Galectin-3 | Cardiac remodeling and fibrosis | No | |
| PIGF | Angiogenesis, atherogenesis | No | |
| Omics | Metabolomics | Unique metabolic signatures of cellular oxidative stress and proteolysis | No |
| MiRNA | Genetic markers of cardiomyocyte repair, regeneration, and inflammation | No |
cTnT cardiac troponin T, hsTnT high sensitivity cardiac troponin T, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, CRP C-reactive protein, MPO myeloperoxidase, PIGF placental growth factor, MiRNA micro-ribonucleic acid, ICOS International Cardio-Oncology Society, ESC European Society of Cardiology, EMSO European Society of Medical Oncology