TABLE 4.
Causes of death of all deceased patients in each BMI group.
| Causes of death | Total (n = 616) | Lean (n = 111) | Non-lean (n = 505) | p value (lean vs. non-lean) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overweight (n = 162) | Obesity 1 (n = 136) | Obesity 2–3 (n = 207) | ||||
| Overall death | 616/13,420 (4.6%) | 111/1454 (7.6%) | 162/3373 (4.8%) | 136/3830 (3.6%) | 207/4763 (4.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 190 (30.8%) | 29 (26.1%) | 46 (28.4%) | 45 (33.1%) | 70 (33.8%) | 0.24 |
| Neoplasms | 103 (16.7%) | 14 (12.6%) | 31 (19.1%) | 21 (15.4%) | 37 (17.9%) | 0.20 |
| Digestive and liver cancers | 33 (5.4%) | 3 (2.7%) | 7 (4.3%) | 12 (8.8%) | 11 (5.3%) | 0.17 |
| Other neoplasmsa | 70 (11.3%) | 11 (9.9%) | 24 (14.8%) | 9 (6.6%) | 26 (12.6%) | 0.59 |
| Respiratory diseases | 75 (12.2%) | 17 (15.3%) | 15 (9.3%) | 18 (13.2%) | 25 (12.1%) | 0.26 |
| Digestive diseases | 48 (7.8%) | 11 (9.9%) | 13 (8.0%) | 8 (5.9%) | 16 (7.7%) | 0.36 |
| Liver diseases | 33 (5.4%) | 8 (7.2%) | 8 (4.9%) | 6 (4.4%) | 11 (5.3%) | 0.34 |
| Digestive diseases other than liver diseases | 15 (2.4%) | 3 (2.7%) | 5 (3.1%) | 2 (1.5%) | 5 (2.4%) | 0.84 |
| External causeb | 45 (7.3%) | 6 (5.4%) | 19 (11.7%) | 12 (8.8%) | 8 (3.9%) | 0.40 |
| Mental-neurological diseases | 40 (6.5%) | 9 (8.1%) | 13 (8.0%) | 8 (5.9%) | 10 (4.8%) | 0.45 |
| Metabolic diseasesc | 36 (5.8%) | 9 (8.1%) | 6 (3.7%) | 6 (4.4%) | 15 (7.3%) | 0.26 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 7 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (1.2%) | 1 (0.7%) | 4 (1.9%) | 0.22 |
| Infectious diseases | 27 (4.4%) | 6 (5.4%) | 8 (4.9%) | 3 (2.2%) | 10 (4.8%) | 0.56 |
| Genitourinary diseases | 25 (4.1%) | 1 (0.9%) | 4 (2.5%) | 9 (6.62%) | 11 (5.3%) | 0.06 |
| Musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases | 9 (1.5%) | 3 (2.7%) | 2 (1.2%) | 3 (2.2%) | 1 (1.5%) | 0.23 |
| Otherd | 18 (2.9%) | 6 (5.4%) | 5 (3.1%) | 3 (2.2%) | 4 (1.9%) | 0.09 |
Note: The cause of death was categorised based on the ICD-10-CM codes.
Other neoplasms refer to neoplasms that are other than digestive cancers, mainly including (1) C15-C26 Malignant neoplasms of digestive organs; (2) C30-C39 Malignant neoplasms of respiratory and intrathoracic organs; (3) C50-C50 Malignant neoplasms of breast; (4) C69-C72 Malignant neoplasms of eye, brain and other parts of central nervous system; (5) C81-C96 Malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, haematopoietic and related tissue; (6) D10-D36 Benign neoplasms, except benign neuroendocrine tumours and (7) D37-D48 Neoplasms of uncertain behaviour, polycythaemia vera and myelodysplastic syndromes.
External cause comprises (1) S00-T88 Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes and (2) V00-Y99 External causes of morbidity.
Metabolic diseases refer to E00-E89 Endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases.
Other includes (1) D50-D89 Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism; (2) Q00-Q99 Congenital malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities and (3) R263 unknown.