TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients who recieved aspirin before ICU and those without.
| Before PSM | After PSM | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [ALL] | NO aspirin | Aspirin | SMD | p | [ALL] | NO aspirin | Aspirin | SMD | p | |
| Characteristics | N = 13982 | N = 9745 | N = 4237 | N = 3858 | N = 1929 | N = 1929 | ||||
| Age (years) | 67.8 [55.8; 79.0] | 64.5 [52.4; 77.0] | 73.5 [64.5; 81.7] | 0.597 | <0.001 | 72.6 [62.0, 82.1] | 72.9 [62.0, 82.8] | 72.3 [62.0, 81.5] | 0.006 | 0.176 |
| Female,n (%) | 6102 (43.6) | 4487 (46.0) | 1615 (38.1) | 0.161 | <0.001 | 2192 (56.8) | 1096 (56.8) | 1096 (56.8) | <0.001 | 1.000 |
| Race,n (%) | 0.193 | <0.001 | 0.019 | 0.948 | ||||||
| White | 9365 (67.0) | 6265 (64.3) | 3100 (73.2) | 2758 (71.5) | 1380 (71.5) | 1378 (71.4) | ||||
| Black | 1200 (8.6) | 915 (9.4) | 285 (6.7) | 366 (9.5) | 185 (9.6) | 181 (9.4) | ||||
| Hispanic | 428 (3.1) | 321 (3.4) | 107 (2.5) | 102 (2.6) | 53 (2.7) | 49 (2.5) | ||||
| Other | 2989 (21.4) | 2244 (23.0) | 745 (17.6) | 632 (16.4) | 311 (16.1) | 321 (16.6) | ||||
| AKI stage,n (%) | 0.177 | <0.001 | 0.010 | 0.950 | ||||||
| Stage 1 | 2892 (20.7) | 1907 (19.6) | 985 (23.2) | 802 (20.8) | 397 (20.6) | 405 (21.0) | ||||
| Stage 2 | 6692 (47.9) | 4538 (46.6) | 2154 (50.8) | 1864 (48.3) | 934 (48.4) | 930 (48.2) | ||||
| Stage 3 | 4398 (31.5) | 3300 (33.9) | 1098 (25.9) | 1192 (30.9) | 598 (31.0) | 594 (30.8) | ||||
| First care unit,n (%) | 1.085 | <0.001 | 0.010 | 0.788 | ||||||
| MICU | 6988 (50.0) | 3486 (35.8) | 3502 (82.7) | 2475 (64.2) | 1233 (63.9) | 1242 (64.4) | ||||
| SICU | 6994 (50.0) | 6259 (64.2) | 735 (17.3) | 1383 (35.8) | 696 (36.1) | 687 (35.6) | ||||
| Comorbidities, n(%) | ||||||||||
| Myocardial infarct | 2126 (15.2) | 613 (6.29) | 1513 (35.7) | 0.775 | <0.001 | 704 (18.2) | 358 (18.6) | 346 (17.9) | 0.016 | 0.647 |
| Congestive heart failure | 4036 (28.9) | 2011 (20.6) | 2025 (47.8) | 0.597 | <0.001 | 1571 (40.7) | 791 (41.0) | 780 (40.4) | 0.012 | 0.743 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 2321 (16.6) | 1655 (17.0) | 666 (15.7) | 0.034 | 0.069 | 615 (15.9) | 321 (16.6) | 294 (15.2) | 0.038 | 0.253 |
| Mild liver disease | 2090 (14.9) | 1816 (18.6) | 274 (6.47) | 0.374 | <0.001 | 384 (10.0) | 202 (10.5) | 182 (9.4) | 0.035 | 0.307 |
| Severe liver disease | 1077 (7.7) | 1007 (10.3) | 70 (1.7) | 0.372 | <0.001 | 126 (3.3) | 70 (3.6) | 56 (2.9) | 0.041 | 0.239 |
| Hypertension | 8854 (63.3) | 5504 (56.5) | 3350 (79.1) | 0.498 | <0.001 | 2825 (73.2) | 1407 (72.9) | 1418 (73.5) | 0.013 | 0.716 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 4092 (29.3) | 2333 (23.9) | 1759 (41.5) | 0.381 | <0.001 | 1335 (34.6) | 662 (34.3) | 673 (34.9) | 0.012 | 0.735 |
| CKD | 2947 (21.1) | 1600 (16.4) | 1347 (31.8) | 0.365 | <0.001 | 1125 (29.2) | 564 (29.2) | 561 (29.1) | 0.003 | 0.944 |
| Malignant cancer | 2029 (14.5) | 1682 (17.3) | 347 (8.2) | 0.275 | <0.001 | 512 (13.3) | 265 (13.7) | 247 (12.8) | 0.028 | 0.420 |
| Sepsis | 9358 (66.9) | 6732 (69.1) | 2626 (62.0) | 0.150 | <0.001 | 2491 (64.6) | 1258 (65.2) | 1233 (63.9) | 0.027 | 0.419 |
| Paraplegia | 795 (5.7) | 669 (6.9) | 126 (3.0) | 0.181 | <0.001 | 179 (4.6) | 89 (4.6) | 90 (4.7) | 0.003 | 1.000 |
| Dementia | 474 (3.4) | 385 (4.0) | 89 (2.10) | 0.108 | <0.001 | 127 (3.3) | 63 (3.3) | 64 (3.3) | 0.003 | 1.000 |
| Scores | ||||||||||
| Charlson comorbidity index | 6.00 [4.00; 8.00] | 5.00 [3.00; 7.00] | 6.00 [5.00; 8.00] | 0.437 | <0.001 | 6.0 [5.0, 8.0] | 6.0 [5.0, 8.0] | 6.0 [5.0, 8.0] | 0.040 | 0.079 |
| SAPSII | 38.0 [30.0; 47.0] | 37.0 [29.0; 47.0] | 39.0 [31.0; 47.0] | 0.101 | <0.001 | 38.0 [31.0, 48.0] | 39.0 [31.0, 48.0] | 38.0 [31.0, 48.0] | 0.040 | 0.177 |
| SOFA | 6.00 [4.00; 9.00] | 6.00 [3.00; 9.00] | 6.00 [4.00; 8.00] | 0.109 | 0.038 | 5.0 [3.0, 8.0] | 5.0 [3.0, 8.0] | 5.0 [3.0, 8.0] | 0.046 | 0.291 |
| GCS | 13.0 [9.00; 14.0] | 13.0 [8.00; 14.0] | 14.0 [10.0; 15.0] | 0.223 | <0.001 | 14.0 [10.0, 15.0] | 14.0 [10.0, 15.0] | 14.0 [10.0, 15.0] | 0.035 | 0.013 |
| Treatment, n(%) | ||||||||||
| Mechanical ventilation | 7328 (52.4) | 4940 (50.7) | 2388 (56.4) | 0.114 | <0.001 | 1757 (45.5) | 886 (45.9) | 871 (45.2) | 0.041 | 0.214 |
| Vasopressors | 6874 (49.2) | 5471 (56.1) | 1403 (33.1) | 0.496 | <0.001 | 1970 (51.1) | 991 (51.4) | 979 (50.8) | 0.045 | 0.172 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 1449 (10.4) | 1035 (10.6) | 414 (9.8) | 0.028 | 0.138 | 390 (10.1) | 195 (10.1) | 195 (10.1) | 0.023 | 0.505 |
| Vital signs | ||||||||||
| Heart rate (bpm) | 104 [91.0; 120] | 108 [94.0; 123] | 97.0 [88.0; 110] | 0.439 | <0.001 | 101 [88.0, 117] | 102 [88.0, 118] | 101.0 [88.0, 116] | 0.009 | 0.249 |
| MBP(mmhg) | 58.0 [51.0; 65.0] | 59.0 [51.0; 66.0] | 56.0 [50.0; 61.0] | 0.232 | <0.001 | 56.0 [50.0, 64.0] | 56.0 [49.0, 64.0] | 57.0 [50.0, 63.0] | 0.004 | 0.300 |
| Temperature (°C) | 37.3 [37.0; 37.9] | 37.4 [37.0; 38.0] | 37.2 [36.9; 37.7] | 0.289 | <0.001 | 37.2 [36.9, 37.8] | 37.3 [36.9, 37.8] | 37.2 [36.9, 37.7] | 0.004 | 0.721 |
| Spo2 (%) | 93.0 [90.0; 95.0] | 93.0 [90.0; 95.0] | 93.0 [90.0; 95.0] | 0.006 | 0.419 | 92.0 [89.0, 95.0] | 92.0 [89.0, 95.0] | 92.0 [90.0, 94.0] | 0.019 | 0.572 |
| Respiratory rate (bpm) | 27.0 [24.0; 32.0] | 28.0 [24.0; 33.0] | 27.0 [24.0; 31.0] | 0.176 | <0.001 | 28.0 [24.0, 32.0] | 27.5 [24.0, 32.0] | 28.0 [24.0, 32.0] | 0.028 | 0.384 |
| Laboratory data | ||||||||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 9.80 [8.30; 11.5] | 10.1 [8.50; 11.8] | 9.20 [8.00; 10.6] | 0.354 | <0.001 | 9.6 [8.3, 11.2] | 9.6 [8.2, 11.3] | 9.7 [8.3, 11.2] | 0.037 | 0.575 |
| WBC (*10^9/L) | 13.5 [9.80; 18.5] | 13.2 [9.50; 18.3] | 14.0 [10.4; 18.8] | 0.010 | <0.001 | 13.0 [9.4, 17.8] | 12.7 [9.0, 17.3] | 13.5 [9.7, 18.2] | 0.010 | 0.001 |
| Platelets (*10^9/L) | 165 [113; 230] | 172 [112; 238] | 153 [113; 208] | 0.139 | <0.001 | 175 [123, 237] | 177 [123, 243] | 173 [124, 234] | 0.021 | 0.049 |
| Aniongap (mmol/L) | 16.0 [13.0; 19.0] | 16.0 [14.0; 19.0] | 15.0 [12.0; 17.0] | 0.453 | <0.001 | 16.0 [13.0, 18.0] | 16.0 [13.0, 19.0] | 15.0 [13.0, 18.0] | 0.032 | 0.039 |
| Bicarbonate (mmol/L) | 22.0 [19.0; 24.0] | 21.0 [18.0; 24.0] | 22.0 [20.0; 24.0] | 0.260 | <0.001 | 22.0 [19.0, 25.0] | 22.0 [19.0, 25.0] | 22.0 [20.0, 25.0] | 0.015 | 0.273 |
| Bun (mg/dL) | 22.0 [15.0; 36.0] | 22.0 [15.0; 37.0] | 22.0 [16.0; 35.0] | 0.041 | 0.036 | 25.0 [17.0, 41.0] | 26.0 [17.0, 41.0] | 24.0 [17.0, 41.0] | 0.031 | 0.002 |
| Chloride (mmol/L) | 106 [102; 110] | 106 [102; 110] | 107 [103; 110] | 0.104 | <0.001 | 106 [102, 110] | 106 [101, 110] | 106 [102, 110] | 0.003 | 0.270 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.10 [0.80; 1.80] | 1.10 [0.80; 1.80] | 1.20 [0.90; 1.70] | 0.028 | <0.001 | 1.2 [0.9, 1.9] | 1.2 [0.9, 1.9] | 1.2 [0.9, 1.9] | 0.027 | 0.214 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 140 [137; 143] | 140 [137; 143] | 139 [137; 142] | 0.173 | <0.001 | 140 [137, 142] | 140 [137, 142] | 140 [137, 142] | 0.014 | 0.130 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.5 [4.1; 5.0] | 4.4 [4.0; 5.0] | 4.6 [4.2; 5.0] | 0.077 | <0.001 | 4.5 [4.1, 5.0] | 4.5 [4.1, 5.0] | 4.5 [4.2, 5.0] | 0.014 | 0.094 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 165 [133, 211] | 157 [127, 206] | 181 [152, 217] | 0.031 | <0.001 | 167 [134, 213] | 160 [128, 212] | 172 [142, 215] | <0.001 | 0.989 |
MICU, medical intensive care unit; SICU, surgical intensive care unit; SpO2, oxygen saturation; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CCI, charlson comorbidity index; GCS, glasgow coma index score; MBP, mean blood pressure; WBC, white blood cell; SOFA, the sequential organ failure assessment; AKI: acute kidney injury; SAPS II, simplified acute physiology score; Mechanical ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation.