| ICU | intensive care unit |
| MIMIC IV | Medical Information Marketplace in Intensive Care Database IV |
| PSM | Propensity score matching |
| HR | hazard ratio |
| ICH | intracranial hemorrhage |
| RAS | renin-angiotensin system |
| CKD | chronic kidney disease |
| ESRD | end stage renal disease |
| CHF | congestive heart failure |
| COVID-19 | Coronavirus disease-2019 |
| ASA | acetylsalicylic acid |
| NSAID | non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| CSA-AKI | cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury |
| MACE | major adverse cardiac and cerebral events |
| MBP | mean blood pressure |
| SpO2 | oxygen saturation |
| WBC | white blood cells |
| CHF | congestive heart failure |
| MI | myocardial infarction |
| CVD | cerebrovascular disease |
| DM | diabetes mellitus |
| MICU | medical intensive care unit |
| SICU | surgical intensive care unit |
| CCI | Charlson comorbidity index |
| GCS | Glasgow coma index score |
| SOFA | the sequential organ failure assessment |
| AKI | acute kidney injury |
| SAPS II | simplified acute physiology score |
| Ventilation | invasive mechanical ventilation |
| RRT | renal replacement therapy |
| ICD | International Classification of Diseases |
| SD | standard deviation |
| SMD | standardized mean difference |
| APACHE | Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation |
| SIRS | systemic inflammatory response syndrome |
| MOF | multiple organ failure |
| COX-1 | cyclo-oxygenase-1 |
| PGI2 | prostacyclin |