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. 2023 Nov 14;11:1244616. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1244616

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Copyright © 2023 Hernandez-Torres, Bedolla, Berard and Snider.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Recreating a pneumothorax injury in the phantom. (A) Diagram of the mechanism used to simulate a breathing lung in US for the tissue phantom. (B) Baseline or normal (“seashore” sign) M-mode US images collected with the breathing lung mechanism in the phantom. (C) PTX positive (“barcode” sign) M-mode US images acquired with the tissue phantom. Representative US images shown in the figure were captured by Sonosite PX. Commercial eFAST simulator human US scans for (D) baseline and (E) PTX injury.