Table 1.
xCDH11 in various diseases.
| Diseases | Roles | Related molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways | Targeted therapy | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breast cancer | Promote tumor development and bone metastasis | HOXC8-CDH11-Trio-Rac Induce pre-metastatic niches |
✓ | [[26], [27], [28], [29], [30]] |
| Triple-negative breast cancer：CDH11/β-catenin，WNT | √（23C6） | [31,32] | ||
| Gastric cancer | Unclear (tumor suppressor/tumor promotion) | Promoter methylation Influence immune milieu formation |
[33,34,36,37] | |
| Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas | Inhibit tumor development | [41,[43], [45]] | ||
| Colorectal cancer | Unclear (tumor suppressor/tumor promotion) | Promoter methylation，PI3K-AKT | [[46], [47], [48]] | |
| Bladder cancer | Unclear (tumor suppressor/tumor promotion) | Promoter methylation | [[50], [51], [52]] | |
| Prostate cancer | Promote tumor development and bone metastasis | Regulates PCa cell migration and invasion through endocytosis mediated by cadherin -related proteins. | √（mAb 2C7） | [53,55,56] |
| Pancreatic cancer | Promote tumor development and metastasis. | √（23C6） | [32,62,63] | |
| Retinoblastoma | Tumor suppressor | [64] | ||
| Pulmonary fibrosis | Promote the fibrotic process of various organs. | Regulate the production of TGF-β and the process of EMT. Foster the formation of a fibrotic niche. |
[9,11] | |
| Liver fibrosis | The activation of hepatic stellate cells. TGFβ/Smad |
[[68], [69], [70]] | ||
| Cardiac fibrosis | MAPKs CaMKII-STAT3 |
√（SYN0012） | [[71], [72], [73], [74], [75]] | |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | Regulate cell-cell contacts and in vitro invasive abilities of FLS | TNF-α，IL-1β，MAPK，NF-κB，IL-6，MMPs | [78,[80], [81], [82]] | |
| Systemic sclerosis | Promotes the process of skin fibrosis | TGF-β | [83,84] | |
| Calcific aortic valve disease | Involved in the calcification of the aortic valve | RhoA/Sox9 | ✓ | [71,[86], [87], [88], [89]] |
| Autism Spectrum Disorder | Participate in disease development | [21,90,91] | ||
| ElsahyWaters syndrome | One of its causal factors is attributed to loss-of-function variants in CDH11. | [[91], [92], [93], [94]] | ||
| Melasma | Participate in disease development | Induce N-cadherin during EMT process. Induce basal membrane disruption and cutaneous alterations. | [95,96] |