Table 3.
Characteristics between low and high simple GDMT scores
| Low GDMT score | High GDMT score | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 605 | 449 | |
| Backgrounds | |||
| Age (years) | 78.8 ± 12.2 | 70.3 ± 14.8 | <0.001 |
| Male (%) | 366 (60.5) | 322 (71.7) | <0.001 |
| BNP | 1152.2 ± 1045.9 | 1016.9 ± 1167.9 | <0.001 |
| NYHA class | 3.1 ± 0.7 | 3.0 ± 0.7 | 0.045 |
| NYHA 1–2 (%) | 105 (17.4) | 98 (21.8) | 0.070 |
| NYHA 3 (%) | 326 (53.9) | 243 (54.1) | 0.950 |
| NYHA 4 (%) | 174 (28.8) | 108 (24.1) | 0.092 |
| EF (%) | 32.8 ± 10.0 | 28.4 ± 10.0 | <0.001 |
| HFrEF (%) | 417 (68.9) | 367 (81.7) | <0.001 |
| HFmrEF (%) | 185 (30.6) | 83 (18.5) | <0.001 |
| Hx of HF (%) | 196 (32.4) | 123 (27.4) | 0.090 |
| ICM (%) | 250 (41.3) | 168 (37.4) | 0.204 |
| sBP (mmHg) | 137.4 ± 33.6 | 142.2 ± 35.4 | 0.026 |
| dBP (mmHg) | 81.2 ± 22.1 | 88.1 ± 26.2 | <0.001 |
| HR (b.p.m.) | 92.6 ± 26.6 | 97.6 ± 26.1 | 0.002 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.1 ± 4.0 | 24.9 ± 20.5 | <0.001 |
| Comorbidity | |||
| AF (%) | 259 (42.8) | 174 (38.8) | 0.205 |
| DM (%) | 194 (32.1) | 179 (39.9) | 0.009 |
| COPD (%) | 43 (7.1) | 28 (6.2) | 0.620 |
| Pneumonia (%) | 85 (14.0) | 49 (10.9) | 0.136 |
| Laboratory data | |||
| BUN (mg/dL) | 33.0 ± 18.8 | 24.3 ± 14.0 | <0.001 |
| Cr (mg/dL) | 1.74 ± 1.41 | 1.29 ± 0.89 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 40.2 ± 21.6 | 51.4 ± 21.5 | <0.001 |
| UA (mg/dL) | 6.9 ± 2.1 | 6.9 ± 2.3 | 0.863 |
| Na (mmol/L) | 138.8 ± 4.7 | 139.3 ± 4.0 | 0.049 |
| K (mmol/L) | 4.46 ± 0.72 | 4.25 ± 0.73 | <0.001 |
| Hb (g/dL) | 11.7 ± 2.4 | 13.1 ± 2.4 | <0.001 |
| Alb (g/dL) | 3.4 ± 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| In‐hospital use | |||
| Vasodilator (%) | 123 (20.4) | 121 (26.9) | 0.015 |
| Carperitide | 87 (14.4) | 68 (15.1) | 0.726 |
| In‐hospital loop diuretics (%) | 442 (73.1) | 330 (73.5) | 0.888 |
| In‐hospital TLV (%) | 178 (29.4) | 125 (27.8) | 0.583 |
| Catecholamine (%) | 115 (19.0) | 81 (18.0) | 0.749 |
| NPPV (%) | 94 (15.5) | 74 (16.5) | 0.734 |
| At discharge | |||
| Hospital stay (days) | 21.8 ± 15.7 | 21.6 ± 17.2 | 0.835 |
| No drugs | 1.75 ± 0.77 | 3.28 ± 0.46 | <0.001 |
| Loop (%) | 397 (65.6) | 284 (63.3) | 0.435 |
| Loop dose (mg) | 25.7 ± 16.4 | 24.5 ± 17.2 | 0.364 |
| TLV (%) | 155 (25.6) | 93 (20.7) | 0.067 |
| PDEIIIi (%) | 55 (9.1) | 48 (10.7) | 0.403 |
| ICD/CRT (%) | 31 (5.1) | 28 (6.2) | 0.498 |
AF, atrial fibrillation; Alb, albumin; BMI, body mass index; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Cr, creatinine; dBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; EF, ejection fraction; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GDMT, guideline‐directed medical therapy; Hb, haemoglobin; HFmrEF, heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HR, heart rate; Hx of HF, history of heart failure; ICD, implantable cardiac defibrillator; ICM, ischaemic cardiomyopathy; K, potassium; Na, sodium; NPPV, non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PDEIIIi, phosphodiesterase III inhibitor; sBP, systolic blood pressure; TLV, tolvaptan; UA, uric acid.