Table 4.
Association with low simple GDMT score
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio | 95% CI | P value | Odds ratio | 95% CI | P value | |
| Backgrounds | ||||||
| Age (years) | 1.050 | 1.040–1.060 | <0.001 | 1.030 | 1.020–1.040 | <0.001 |
| Male (%) | 0.604 | 0.465–0.785 | <0.001 | 0.991 | 0.720–1.370 | 0.957 |
| BNP | 1.000 | 1.000–1.000 | 0.057 | 1.000 | 1.000–1.000 | 0.603 |
| NYHA class | 1.200 | 1.000–1.420 | 0.045 | 1.310 | 1.050–1.630 | 0.014 |
| EF (%) | 1.040 | 1.030–1.060 | <0.001 | 1.030 | 1.010–1.050 | <0.001 |
| Hx of HF (%) | 1.270 | 0.971–1.660 | 0.080 | 0.830 | 0.594–1.160 | 0.272 |
| ICM (%) | 1.180 | 0.917–1.510 | 0.200 | |||
| sBP (mmHg) | 0.996 | 0.992–1.000 | 0.026 | 0.998 | 0.991–1.010 | 0.595 |
| dBP (mmHg) | 0.988 | 0.983–0.993 | <0.001 | 0.999 | 0.989–1.010 | 0.924 |
| HR (b.p.m.) | 0.993 | 0.988–0.998 | 0.002 | 0.997 | 0.991–1.000 | 0.418 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.929 | 0.905–0.953 | <0.001 | 0.992 | 0.973–1.010 | 0.424 |
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| AF (%) | 1.180 | 0.922–1.520 | 0.186 | |||
| DM (%) | 0.712 | 0.552–0.918 | 0.008 | 0.682 | 0.503–0.924 | 0.013 |
| COPD (%) | 1.150 | 0.703–1.880 | 0.577 | |||
| Pneumonia (%) | 1.330 | 0.917–1.940 | 0.132 | |||
| Laboratory data | ||||||
| BUN (mg/dL) | 1.040 | 1.030–1.040 | <0.001 | 1.010 | 0.999–1.030 | 0.071 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 0.977 | 0.971–0.982 | <0.001 | 0.992 | 0.983–1.000 | 0.092 |
| UA (mg/dL) | 1.010 | 0.950–1.060 | 0.863 | |||
| Na (mmol/L) | 0.974 | 0.947–1.000 | 0.060 | 1.000 | 0.969–1.040 | 0.900 |
| K (mmol/L) | 1.530 | 1.270–1.850 | <0.001 | 1.480 | 1.170–1.870 | 0.001 |
| Hb (g/dL) | 0.795 | 0.753–0.839 | <0.001 | 0.927 | 0.860–0.999 | 0.047 |
| Alb (g/dL) | 0.664 | 0.529–0.835 | <0.001 | 0.841 | 0.628–1.130 | 0.245 |
| In‐hospital use | ||||||
| Vasodilator (%) | 0.693 | 0.520–0.924 | 0.012 | 0.702 | 0.483–1.020 | 0.063 |
| Carperitide | 0.941 | 0.667–1.330 | 0.729 | |||
| In‐hospital loop diuretics (%) | 0.978 | 0.742–1.290 | 0.874 | |||
| In‐hospital TLV (%) | 1.080 | 0.824–1.420 | 0.575 | |||
| Catecholamine (%) | 1.070 | 0.778–1.460 | 0.690 | |||
| NPPV (%) | 0.932 | 0.669–1.300 | 0.679 | |||
| At discharge | ||||||
| Hospital stay (days) | 1.000 | 0.993–1.010 | 0.835 | |||
| Loop (%) | 1.110 | 0.859–1.430 | 0.427 | |||
| Loop dose (mg) | 1.000 | 0.995–1.010 | 0.365 | |||
| TLV (%) | 1.320 | 0.984–1.770 | 0.063 | 0.983 | 0.682–1.420 | 0.927 |
| PDEIIIi (%) | 0.835 | 0.556–1.260 | 0.388 | |||
| CRT/ICD (%) | 0.812 | 0.480–1.370 | 0.438 | |||
AF, atrial fibrillation; Alb, albumin; BMI, body mass index; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; dBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; EF, ejection fraction; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GDMT, guideline‐directed medical therapy; Hb, haemoglobin; HR, heart rate; Hx of HF, history of heart failure; ICD, implantable cardiac defibrillator; ICM, ischaemic cardiomyopathy; K, potassium; Na, sodium; NPPV, non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PDEIIIi, phosphodiesterase III inhibitor; sBP, systolic blood pressure; TLV, tolvaptan; UA, uric acid.