Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients according to T90
| Variable | Total (N = 764) | T90 < 5.0 min (N = 249) | 5.0 ≤ T90 ≤ 52.0 min (N = 260) | T90 > 52.0 min (N = 255) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | |||||
| Age (years) | 54.7 (14.9) | 53.0 (15.4) | 54.8 (14.0) | 56.1 (15.1) | 0.064 |
| Male, n (%) | 582 (76.2) | 182 (73.1) | 201 (77.3) | 199 (78.0) | 0.372 |
| Heart rate (b.p.m.) | 78.6 (16.7) | 77.5 (16.4) | 78.0 (16.0) | 80.2 (17.4) | 0.141 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.9 (4.5) | 23.7 (3.8) | 25.0 (4.3) | 26.1 (5.1) | <0.001 |
| ≥28 kg/m2, n (%) | 168 (22.0) | 35 (14.1) | 53 (20.4) | 80 (31.4) | <0.001 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 153 (20.0) | 41 (16.5) | 58 (22.3) | 54 (21.2) | 0.220 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 117.7 (20.3) | 117.5 (20.0) | 117.6 (19.3) | 117.9 (21.5) | 0.967 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 72.7 (13.0) | 71.4 (12.5) | 72.7 (12.5) | 73.9 (13.8) | 0.090 |
| NYHA III/IV, n (%) | 645 (84.4) | 200 (80.3) | 216 (83.1) | 229 (89.8) | 0.010 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| CAD, n (%) | 260 (34.0) | 73 (29.3) | 91 (35.0) | 96 (37.6) | 0.131 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 349 (45.7) | 105 (42.2) | 105 (40.4) | 139 (54.5) | 0.002 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 212 (27.7) | 59 (23.7) | 73 (28.1) | 80 (31.4) | 0.155 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 270 (35.3) | 87 (34.9) | 88 (33.8) | 95 (37.3) | 0.712 |
| Dyslipidaemia, n (%) | 434 (56.8) | 134 (53.8) | 153 (58.8) | 147 (57.6) | 0.491 |
| Laboratory values | |||||
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | 142.9 (22.0) | 143.2 (20.8) | 143.5 (21.9) | 141.8 (23.3) | 0.647 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 71.1 (23.9) | 74.6 (24.3) | 70.4 (23.3) | 68.5 (23.9) | 0.014 |
| <60 mL/min/1.73 m2, n (%) | 244 (31.9) | 62 (24.9) | 89 (34.2) | 93 (36.5) | 0.013 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 8.3 (4.1) | 7.7 (3.3) | 8.5 (4.5) | 8.7 (4.4) | 0.029 |
| NT‐proBNP (pg/mL) | 2768.0 (1222.3, 6788.5) | 2045.0 (1000.0, 4109.0) | 2999.5 (1148.3, 7214.8) | 4181.0 (1714.0, 8643.0) | <0.001 |
| LAD (mm) | 47.1 (8.5) | 44.7 (8.3) | 47.6 (8.4) | 48.9 (8.2) | <0.001 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 64.6 (12.2) | 62.4 (13.0) | 65.8 (11.4) | 65.5 (12.1) | 0.003 |
| LVESVI (mL/m2) | 83.8 (44.9) | 78.4 (46.6) | 87.7 (41.9) | 85.2 (45.9) | 0.054 |
| LVEDVI (mL/m2) | 124.3 (50.9) | 119.1 (53.4) | 128.0 (47.1) | 125.5 (51.9) | 0.131 |
| LAVI (mL/m2) | 49.4 (20.9) | 46.4 (18.6) | 51.1 (23.0) | 50.7 (20.5) | 0.020 |
| LVEF (%) | 36.2 (13.8) | 38.9 (14.9) | 34.5 (12.6) | 35.3 (13.4) | 0.001 |
| <40%, n (%) | 509 (66.6) | 147 (59.0) | 183 (70.4) | 179 (70.2) | 0.002 |
| 40–49%, n (%) | 104 (13.6) | 34 (13.7) | 41 (15.8) | 29 (11.4) | |
| ≥50%, n (%) | 151 (19.8) | 68 (27.3) | 36 (13.8) | 47 (18.4) | |
| Medication at discharge | |||||
| ACEIs/ARBs, n (%) | 472 (61.8) | 150 (60.2) | 167 (64.2) | 155 (60.8) | 0.601 |
| Beta‐blockers, n (%) | 705 (92.3) | 222 (89.2) | 247 (95.0) | 236 (92.5) | 0.047 |
| MRAs, n (%) | 585 (76.6) | 182 (73.1) | 214 (82.3) | 189 (74.1) | 0.026 |
| Digoxin, n (%) | 432 (56.5) | 123 (49.4) | 156 (60.0) | 153 (60.0) | 0.022 |
| Loop diuretics, n (%) | 723 (94.6) | 228 (91.6) | 254 (97.7) | 241 (94.5) | 0.009 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 734 (96.1) | 234 (94.0) | 255 (98.1) | 245 (96.1) | 0.059 |
| Statins, n (%) | 347 (45.4) | 113 (45.4) | 122 (46.9) | 112 (43.9) | 0.791 |
ACEIs, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CAD, coronary artery disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; LAD, left atrial diameter; LAVI, left atrial volume index; LVEDD, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter; LVEDVI, left ventricular end‐diastolic volume index; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVESVI, left ventricular end‐systolic volume index; MRAs, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; NT‐proBNP, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association; T90, time < 90% oxygen saturation.