Table 4.
Comparison of all‐cause mortality according to different guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) groups across the spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by age and sex subgroup
| All‐cause mortality | LVEF < 30% | LVEF 30–39% | LVEF 40–49% | LVEF ≥ 50 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. at risk (event rate/1000 py) |
Adjusted HR (95% CI) P value |
No. at risk (event rate/1000 py) |
Adjusted HR (95% CI) P value |
No. at risk (event rate/1000 py) |
Adjusted HR (95% CI) P value |
No. at risk (event rate/1000 py) |
Adjusted HR (95% CI) P value |
||
| Age < 75 | Poor | 313 (117) | 1 (ref) | 290 (83) | 1 (ref) | 305 (73) | 1 (ref) | 459 (84) | 1 (ref) |
| Moderate | 1722 (69) |
0.70 (0.56–0.87) 0.001 |
1342 (53) |
0.74 (0.52–0.78) <0.001 |
974 (53) |
0.73 (0.59–0.90) <0.001 |
849 (74) |
0.82 (0.68–0.99) 0.039 |
|
| Good | 1321 (76) |
0.80 (0.65–0.99) 0.043 |
681 (70) |
0.74 (0.59–0.93) 0.009 |
389 (81) |
0.93 (0.73–1.19) 0.580 |
270 (86) |
0.90 (0.71–1.15) 0.404 |
|
| Age ≥ 75 | Poor | 987 (413) | 1 (ref) | 1285 (303) | 1 (ref) | 1454 (279) | 1 (ref) | 2431 (266) | 1 (ref) |
| Moderate | 2748 (225) |
0.65 (0.56–0.74) <0.001 |
3128 (189) |
0.67 (0.60–0.75) <0.001 |
2604 (175) |
0.73 (0.65–082) <0.001 |
3135 (204) |
0.83 (0.75–0.91) <0.001 |
|
| Good | 1218 (207) |
0.70 (0.60–0.82) <0.001 |
1023 (193) |
0.74 (0.65–0.86) <0.001 |
743 (206) |
0.84 (0.72–0.98) 0.029 |
841 (207) |
0.97 (0.84–1.11) 0.613 |
|
| Male | Poor | 948 (257) | 1 (ref) | 1051 (204) | 1 (ref) | 996 (175) | 1 (ref) | 1302 (193) | 1 (ref) |
| Moderate | 3289 (119) |
0.62 (0.55–0.71) <0.001 |
2980 (102) |
0.66 (0.59–0.75) <0.001 |
2140 (102) |
0.78 (0.68–0.88) <0.001 |
1732 (139) |
0.83 (0.73–0.94) 0.004 |
|
| Good | 193 (110) |
0.70 (0.61–0.81) <0.001 |
1128 (109) |
0.77 (0.67–0.89) <0.001 |
672 (130) |
0.88 (0.75–1.04) 0.142 |
495 (146) |
0.97 (0.81–1.15) 0.693 |
|
| Female | Poor | 352 (257) | 1 (ref) | 524 (203) | 1 (ref) | 763 (205) | 1 (ref) | 1588 (203) | 1 (ref) |
| Moderate | 1181 (124) |
0.72 (0.57–0.91) 0.005 |
1490 (116) |
0.66 (0.55–0.80) <0.001 |
1436 (118) |
0.62 (0.52–0.72) <0.001 |
2252 (157) |
0.83 (0.73–0.93) 0.002 |
|
| Good | 626 (105) |
0.76 (0.59–0.97) 0.027 |
576 (121) |
0.73 (0.59–0.90) 0.004 |
460 (142) |
0.83 (0.68–1.01) 0.065 |
616 (162) |
0.95 (0.80–1.11) 0.505 |
|
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; py, person years; ref, reference.