Table 2.

Prognostic Models^a

	Coefficients for Continuous Outcome, Pain Score (β)		Odds Ratios for Binary Outcome, High Pain
	2 mo	6 mo	2 mo	6 mo
Pain intensity	0.236	0.269	1.23	1.26
Pain self-efficacy	0.526	0.212	1.38	1.20
Pain impact	0.859	0.632	2.33	1.40
Walking short distances only	0.447	0.934	1.57	2.37
Pain elsewhere	0.49	0.278	1.51	1.33
Thinking their condition will last a long time	1.22	1.673	2.51	3.61
Other important health problems	0.783	0.578	1.73	1.38
Emotional well-being	−0.032	−0.002	0.91	1.28
Fear of pain-related movement	0.041	−0.434	1.07	0.63
Pain duration	1.029	1.129	2.82	2.19
Primary pain site	−0.171	0.515	0.69	1.02
Intercept	−0.304	−1.153	−4.010	−4.324
Var (intercept)	0.237	0.132	0.030	0.041
Shrinkage factor	0.975	0.982	0.930	0.938

^a Prognostic models after optimism adjustment. Numbers are intercepts (α) and coefficients (β) and for continuous outcome models, intercepts (α), and odds ratios (exp[β]) and for binary outcome models. Uniform shrinkage factors for each model were obtained through bootstrapping with 1000 replications.