Table 2.
Injury characteristics by social vulnerability indexa
| First Quartileb | Second Quartileb | Third Quartileb | Fourth Quartileb | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control N = 1211 |
COVID N = 1590 |
p value | Control N = 2034 |
COVID N = 2426 |
p value | Control N = 1953 |
COVID N = 2232 |
p value | Control N = 693 |
COVID N = 820 |
p value | |
| Intent of Injury, N (%) | ||||||||||||
| Intentional | 58 (4.8) | 62 (3.9) | 0.29 | 129 (6.3) | 154 (6.4) | 1.00 | 160 (8.2) | 189 (8.5) | 0.80 | 102 (14.7) | 147 (17.9) | 0.11 |
| Unintentional | 1139 (94.1) | 1526 (96.0) | 0.02 | 1877 (92.3) | 2269 (93.5) | 0.12 | 1774 (90.9) | 2040 (91.4) | 0.59 | 583 (84.1) | 673 (82.1) | 0.32 |
| Unknown | 14 (1.2) | 2 (0.1) | 0.001 | 28 (1.4) | 3 (0.1) | < 0.001 | 18 (0.9) | 3 (0.1) | 0.001 | 8 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.006 |
| Type of Injury, N (%) | ||||||||||||
| Blunt | 1031 (85.1) | 1347 (84.7) | 0.10 | 1653 (81.3) | 1932 (79.6) | 0.17 | 1537 (78.7) | 1720 (77.1) | 0.21 | 509 (73.3) | 569 (69.4) | 0.10 |
| Burn | 48 (4.0) | 79 (5.0) | 102 (5.0) | 156 (6.4) | 0.05 | 115 (5.9) | 174 (7.8) | 0.02 | 52 (7.5) | 66 (8.1) | 0.76 | |
| Penetrating | 70 (5.8) | 107 (6.7) | 150 (7.4) | 263 (10.8) | < 0.001 | 172 (8.8) | 253 (11.3) | 0.008 | 83 (12.0) | 153 (18.7) | < 0.001 | |
| Unknown | 62 (5.1) | 57 (3.6) | 128 (6.3) | 75 (3.1) | < 0.001 | 128 (6.6) | 85 (3.8) | < 0.001 | 50 (7.2) | 32 (3.9) | 0.007 | |
| Mechanism of Injury, N (%) | ||||||||||||
| Burn | 48 (4.0) | 79 (5.0) | 0.24 | 102 (5.0) | 156 (6.4) | 0.05 | 114 (5.8) | 174 (7.8) | 0.02 | 52 (7.5) | 66 (8.1) | 0.77 |
| Child Abuse | 30 (2.5) | 28 (1.8) | 0.24 | 67 (3.3) | 78 (3.2) | 0.95 | 90 (4.61) | 107 (4.8) | 0.83 | 42 (6.1) | 51 (6.2) | 0.98 |
| Cut/Pierce | 32 (2.6) | 43 (2.7) | 1.00 | 63 (3.1) | 101 (4.2) | 0.07 | 64 (3.3) | 77 (3.5) | 0.82 | 24 (3.5) | 30 (3.7) | 0.95 |
| Fall | 604 (49.9) | 737 (46.4) | 0.07 | 866 (42.6) | 913 (37.6) | 0.001 | 796 (40.8) | 790 (35.4) | < 0.001 | 217 (31.3) | 212 (25.9) | 0.02 |
| Firearm | 8 (0.7) | 7 (0.4) | 0.60 | 19 (0.9) | 48 (2.0) | 0.006 | 38 (2.0) | 69 (3.1) | 0.03 | 42 (6.1) | 91 (11.1) | 0.001 |
| Motor Vehicle Crash | 113 (9.3) | 105 (6.6) | 0.009 | 231 (11.4) | 222 (9.2) | 0.02 | 218 (11.2) | 224 (10.0) | 0.26 | 109 (15.7) | 138 (16.8) | 0.61 |
| All-Terrain Vehicle | 52 (4.3) | 104 (6.5) | 0.01 | 109 (5.4) | 224 (9.2) | < 0.001 | 106 (5.4) | 170 (7.6) | 0.005 | 14 (2.0) | 27 (3.3) | 0.17 |
| Bicycle | 74 (6.1) | 177 (11.1) | < 0.001 | 114 (5.6) | 205 (8.5) | < 0.001 | 104 (5.3) | 139 (6.2) | 0.24 | 32 (4.6) | 53 (6.5) | 0.15 |
| Pedestrian | 18 (1.5) | 18 (1.1) | 0.51 | 40 (2.0) | 36 (1.5) | 0.26 | 60 (3.1) | 46 (2.1) | 0.05 | 43 (6.2) | 35 (4.3) | 0.11 |
| Struck By/Against | 116 (9.6) | 124 (7.8) | 0.11 | 205 (10.1) | 164 (6.8) | < 0.001 | 154 (7.9) | 164 (7.4) | 0.55 | 58 (8.4) | 42 (5.1) | 0.02 |
| Unknown | 116 (9.6) | 168 (10.6) | 0.43 | 217 (10.7) | 279 (11.5) | 0.41 | 209 (10.7) | 272 (12.2) | 0.15 | 60 (8.7) | 75 (9.2) | 0.81 |
| Injury Severity Score, N (%) | ||||||||||||
| 0–14 | 1054 (93.1) | 1491 (94.1) | 0.34 | 1732 (92.5) | 2238 (92.5) | 0.99 | 1734 (92.4) | 2026 (91.2) | 0.15 | 612 (91.3) | 735 (90.6) | 0.78 |
| 15–24 | 48 (4.2) | 64 (4.0) | 88 (4.7) | 112 (4.6) | 94 (5.0) | 116 (5.2) | 31 (4.6) | 44 (5.4) | ||||
| ≥ 25 | 30 (2.7) | 29 (1,8) | 53 (2.8) | 69 (2.9) | 48 (2.6) | 80 (3.6) | 27 (4.0) | 32 (4.0) | ||||
| Mortality, N (%) | ||||||||||||
| Alive | 1202 (99.3) | 1582 (99.5) | 0.57 | 2015 (99.1) | 2415 (99.6) | 0.08 | 1937 (99.2) | 2205 (98.8) | 0.27 | 679 (98.0) | 799 (97.4) | 0.60 |
| Dead | 9 (0.7) | 8 (0.5) | 19 (0.9) | 11 (0.5) | 16 (0.8) | 27 (1.2) | 14 (2.0) | 21 (2.6) | ||||
Bold p-values represent statistically significant results
aSocial vulnerability index quartiles; the first quartile represents the least vulnerable children and the fourth quartile represents the most vulnerable children; first quartile: 0.00 to 0.249; second quartile: 0.250 to 0.499; third quartile: 0.500 to 0.749; fourth quartile: 0.750 to 1.00
bWhen a variable with more than two groups was statistically significant, comparisons of binomial proportions were completed to understand which category was statistically significant