Table 2.
Demographics and hematological parameters of all COVID-19 patients with or without pulmonary infection
| Variables | Total patients | Non-pulmonary infection group | Pulmonary infection group | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No, (%) | 2021 | 1342 (66.40) | 679 (33.60) | |
| Age, years | 38.00 (18.00, 64.00) | 26.00 (14.00, 41.00) | 68.00 (56.00, 76.00) | < 0.01 |
| Gender, N (%) | < 0.01 | |||
| Female | 1018 (50.37) | 728 (54.25) | 290 (42.71) | |
| Male | 1003 (49.63) | 614 (45.75) | 389 (57.29) | |
| Categorical of ages, n (%) | ||||
| < 18 years | 488 (24.15) | 473 (35.25) | 15 (2.21) | < 0.01 |
| 18–60 years | 951 (47.06) | 745 (55.51) | 206 (30.34) | < 0.01 |
| ≥ 60 years | 582 (28.80) | 124 (9.24) | 458 (67.45) | < 0.01 |
| Hematological profiles | ||||
| WBC counts, ×109/L | 5.75 (4.49, 7.45) | 5.97 (4.72, 7.57) | 5.32 (3.98, 7.12) | < 0.01 |
| Neutrophils count, ×109/L | 4.25 (2.96, 5.80) | 4.51 (3.28, 5.97) | 3.66 (2.49,5.34) | < 0.01 |
| Lymphocytes count, 109/L | 0.78 (0.51, 1.16) | 0.70 (0.48, 1.06) | 0.92 (0.64, 1.32) | < 0.01 |
| Monocyte count, ×109/L | 0.49 (0.36, 0.65) | 0.51 (0.39, 0.68) | 0.44 (0.31,0.59) | < 0.01 |
| RBC counts, ×1012/L | 4.50 (4.15, 4.87) | 4.65 (4.33, 4.98) | 4.16 (3.85, 4.50) | < 0.01 |
| HGB, g/L | 134.00 (123.00, 145.00) | 136.00 (127.00, 148.00) | 127.00 (117.00, 139.00) | < 0.01 |
| HCT, % | 40.00 (37.10, 43.10) | 40.70 (38.30, 44.00) | 37.70 (35.10, 40.90) | < 0.01 |
| MCV, fl. | 89.70 (86.50, 92.60) | 88.80 (85.60, 92.00) | 90.90 (88.30, 94.30) | < 0.01 |
| MCH, pg | 30.20 (28.80, 31.30) | 29.80 (28.40, 31.00) | 30.80 (29.80, 31.90) | < 0.01 |
| MCHC, g/L | 336.00 (330.00, 342.00) | 336.00 (329.00, 341.00) | 338.00 (333.00, 344.00) | < 0.01 |
| RDW-CV, % | 12.60 (12.20, 13.10) | 12.50 (12.10, 13.00) | 12.80 (12.30, 13.30) | < 0.01 |
| Platelet counts, ×109/L | 191.00 (152.00, 232.00) | 193.00 (158.00, 228.00) | 183.00 (138.00, 246.00) | 0.01 |
| MPV, fl. | 9.77 ± 1.26 | 9.39 ± 1.07 | 10.53 ± 1.25 | < 0.01 |
| PCT,% | 18.92 ± 6.04 | 18.20 ± 4.38 | 20.34 ± 8.24 | < 0.01 |
| PDW, % | 15.74 ± 1.36 | 16.00 ± 0.40 | 15.23 ± 2.19 | < 0.01 |
| Derived hematological profiles | ||||
| dNLR | 3.09 (1.92, 4.86) | 3.45 (2.13, 5.19) | 2.46 (1.67, 3.92) | < 0.01 |
| NLR | 5.47 (2.97, 9.88) | 6.48 (3.43, 10.94) | 3.89 (2.41, 6.97) | < 0.01 |
| PLR | 241.28 (157.66, 370.21) | 264.18 (173.15. 400.00) | 193.20 (135.06, 294.44) | < 0.01 |
| MLR | 0.62 (0.41, 0.97) | 0.72 (0.48, 1.07) | 0.46 (0.31, 0.69) | < 0.01 |
| SII | 1005.33 (532.18, 1898.00) | 1190.39 (628.41, 2096.84) | 721.17 (400.18, 1439.13) | < 0.01 |
| SIRI | 2.62 (1.32, 5.21) | 3.23 (1.75, 5.88) | 1.63 (0.83, 3.32) | < 0.01 |
Abbreviations: COVID-19, 2019-coronavirus disease; PI, pulmonary infection; WBC, white blood cell count; RBC, red blood cell count; HGB, hemoglobin; HCT, hematocrit; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; RDW-CV, red cell volume distribution width-coefficient of variation; MPV, mean platelet volume; PCT, plateletcrit; PDW, platelet distribution width; dNLR, derived neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; MLR, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio; NLR, neutrophil -to -lymphocyte ratio; SII, systemic immune-inflammation index; SIRI, systemic inflammation response index
Note: For categorical variables, frequencies and percentages are reported. For continuous variables, data are presented as either mean ± standard deviation (SD) for normally distributed data or median and interquartile range (IQR) for non-normally distributed data. P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant and are denoted in bold