Table 4.

Representative reported stimulation parameters

Parameter	Value	Ref
Optical: Thermal energy density brain tissue in PDT	50 J/cm2	[68]
Electrical: Reversible cell membrane permeabilisation	500 V/cm	[120]
Electrical: Applied electric field maximum	500 V/cm	[120]
Electrical: Voltage to distance ratio for BBB opening	200–400 V/cm	[122–125]
Threshold electroporation	400–600 V/cm	[158]
FUS: Safe and effective sonication power	4–15W	[144]
FUS: Effective BBB frequency range	0.5–1.5 MHz	[144, 145]
FUS: Effective acoustic pressure	0.3–1.0 MPa	[127, 144]
FUS: Effective pulse duration	1.3 MHz	[127, 145]
FUS: Microbubble bursting	> 0.8 MPa	[136, 144]