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. 2023 Nov 27;23:883. doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-05384-6

Table 1.

Means and standard deviations among university students' smartphone addiction and its influencing factors at T1 and T2

Variable M SD Variable M SD
Smartphone addiction T1 52.16 13.84 Smartphone addiction T2 52.39 15.49
Procrastination behaviour T1 44.38 9.53 Procrastination behaviour T2 47.52 9.38
Academic burnout T1 53.04 10.83 Academic burnout T2 56.13 9.63
Self-control T1 62.19 9.18 Self-control T2 61.85 8.92
Fear of missing out T1 17.74 5.43 Fear of missing out T2 17.61 5.72
Social anxiety T1 43.75 9.58 Social anxiety T2 43.46 8.87
Perceived social support T1 60.09 13.99 Perceived social support T2 55.70 15.59
Life satisfaction T1 21.49 6.18 Life satisfaction T2 21.50 6.06
Self-esteem T1 26.90 4.97 Self-esteem T2 27.05 4.71