Table 4.
Univariate mixed-effect Cox proportional hazard regression analysis of explanatory variables associated with calf morbidity under six months of age in Jimma town
| Variables | Levels | HR (95%CI) | P -value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dam parity | Multiparous | 1 | < 0.001 |
| Primiparous | 5.98 (3.48–10.29) | ||
| Calving status | Normal | 1 | < 0.001 |
| Dystocia | 8.19(4.65–14.44) | ||
| Post-delivery complications | no | 1 | 0.142 |
| Yes | 1.65(0.85–3.20) | ||
| Source of income | Primary | 1 | 0.201 |
| secondary | 1.44(0.82–2.50) | ||
| Experience (year) | ≤ 5 year | 1 | 0.004 |
| > 5 yr | 0.45(0.26–0.78) | ||
| Herd size | > 20 | 1 | 0.032 |
| ≤ 20 | 0.51(0.28–0.94) | ||
| Floor type | Concrete | 1 | < 0.001 |
| Soil | 4.31(2.50–7.43) | ||
| Calving pen | not-present | 1 | 0.232 |
| present | 0.62(0.28–1.36) | ||
| Calf housing | With dam | 1 | 0.033 |
| Separate | 0.51(0.27–0.95) | ||
| Pen cleaning | Infrequently | 1 | < 0.001 |
| Regularly | 0.11(0.06–0.20) | ||
| Pen Bedding | Absent | 1 | 0.130 |
| Present | 0.62(0.34–1.14) | ||
| 1st colostrum feeding | Within 6 h. | 1 | < 0.001 |
| After 6 h. | 6.70(3.86–11.63) | ||
| Milk-fed daily | < 3 lit. | 1 | 0.055 |
| > 3lit. | 0.52(0.27–1.01) | ||
| Water provision | Periodic | 1 | 0.239 |
| Free | 0.54(0.19–1.50) |
HR*= Hazard ration, CI= confidence interval, yr.= year, hr.= hour