TABLE 7.
Comparison of the accuracy of identification systems for the Micrococcaceae
| Identification system | Year (reference) | Group identified | No. of isolates tested | % Correct (% correct with additional tests) | Comments; (additional test); problematic taxa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| API 20GPa | 1994 (181) | CoNS | 277 | 61.0 | Bloodstream isolates; S. epidermidis, other CoNS species |
| API ID 32 Stapha | 1995 (108) | CoNS | 440 | 95.2 | Clinical isolates; S. capitis, S. hominis |
| API ID 32 Staph | 1995 (192) | Staphylococci | 89 | 82.1 | Clinical isolates |
| API ID 32 Staph | 1995 (192) | Staphylococci | 111 | 77.4 | Culture collection isolates; CoNS species, including S. hominis, S. schleiferi, S. warneri, S. xylosus |
| ATB 32 Stapha | 1991 (141) | S. hyicus | 54 | 83.3 | Isolates from pigs and cattle |
| API Stapha | 1982 (87) | CoNS | 100 | 90.0 | 24–48 h of incubation |
| API Stapha | 1982 (155) | Micrococcaceae | 300 | 30.0 | Stock cultures, 24–48 h of incubation |
| API STAPH-IDENTa | 1983 (5) | CoNS | 300 | 67.0 (92.7) | Clinical isolates; (mostly novobiocin) |
| API STAPH-IDENT | 1984 (89) | CoNS | 120 | 79.2 | Clinical isolates, 5-h incubation; S. haemolyticus, S. hominis |
| API STAPH-IDENT | 1986 (107) | CoNS | 175 | 88.0 | S. epidermidis |
| API STAPH-IDENT | 1990 (176) | CoNS | 55 | 100.0 | Blood isolates; reproducibility study |
| API STAPH-IDENT | 1984 (10) | Micrococcaceae | 414 | (97.5) | Clinical isolates; (oxidase, susceptibility to furazolidone and lysostaphin) |
| API STAPH-IDENT | 1983 (61) | Staphylococci | 188 | 80.9 (90.4) | Clinical isolates; (24-h incubation) |
| API STAPH-IDENT | 1983 (143) | Staphylococci | 581 | 54.0 | Bovine isolates; S. epidermidis, S. hominis |
| STAPH-IDENTa | 1986 (107) | CoNS | 175 | 88.0 | Clinical isolates; S. epidermidis |
| STAPH-IDENT | 1995 (195) | Micrococcaceae | 1,106 | 81.1 | Strains submitted to CDC for identification, stock cultures, and a collection of ocular isolates |
| S. aureus | 162 | 77.2 | |||
| S. cohnii | 9 | 11.1 | |||
| S. epidermidis | 517 | 97.1 | |||
| S. haemolyticus | 61 | 75.8 | |||
| S. hominis | 57 | 82.5 | |||
| Staph-TRAC (API) | 1994 (181) | CoNS | 277 | 73.0 | Bloodstream isolates; CoNS species other than S. epidermidis |
| Staph-TRAC (API)a | 1990 (157) | Staphylococci | 130 | 89.8 | Bovine isolates |
| Staph-TRAC (DMS)a | 1984 (89) | CoNS | 120 | 88.3 | Clinical isolates, 24-h incubation; S. haemolyticus, S. warneri |
| Biologb | 1993 (162) | Micrococcaceae | 113 | 69.0–74.3 | Stock isolates tested at two separate laboratories |
| Geary et al. scheme | 1989 (86) | Staphylococci | 559 | 94.6 | Clinical isolates, multipoint inoculation on agar plates |
| MS GPc | 1986 (107) | CoNS | 175 | 86.4 | Clinical isolates; S. hominis, S. warneri, S. sciuri |
| MS GP | 1994 (97) | CoNS | 224 | 79.0 | Clinical isolates |
| S. epidermidis | 44 | 95.0 | |||
| S. haemolyticus | 21 | 95.0 | |||
| S. hominis | 50 | 64.0 | |||
| S. saprophyticus | 11 | 100.0 | |||
| S. warneri | 39 | 79.0 | |||
| MS GP | 1991 (130) | Staphylococci | 896 | 80.4 (98.1) | Culture collection, clinical and skin isolates; (includes probable identifications when the correct species has not reached required level of identification, but has been included in the four possible taxa) |
| S. aureus | 58 | 91.0 (100.0) | |||
| S. auricularis | 22 | 91.0 (100.0) | |||
| S. capitis | 70 | 94.2 (98.6) | |||
| S. cohnii | 49 | 82.4 (100.0) | |||
| S. epidermidis | 152 | 82.0 (98.0) | |||
| S. haemolyticus | 71 | 77.5 (100.0) | |||
| S. hyicus | 22 | 82.0 (96.0) | |||
| S. intermedius | 30 | 90.0 (96.0) | |||
| S. kloosii | 18 | 72.0 (100.0) | |||
| S. lugdunensis | 22 | 64.0 (96.0) | |||
| S. saprophyticus | 50 | 90.0 (96.0) | |||
| S. warneri | 55 | 63.6 (90.9) | |||
| S. xylosus | 32 | 66.0 (94.0) | |||
| MS GP | 1992 (50) | Staphylococci | 370 | 73.4 (92.0) | Multicenter study; (requiring additional tests) |
| MS GP | 1995 (241) | S. epidermidis | 57 | 84.0 (95.0) | Blood isolates |
| Non-S. epidermidis | 16 | 62.0 (70.0) | |||
| MS Rapid GPc | 1990 (91) | CoNS | 342 | 88.3 (96.2) | Stock cultures |
| MS Rapid GP | 1994 (97) | CoNS | 224 | 76.0 | Clinical isolates |
| S. epidermidis | 44 | 91.0 | |||
| S. haemolyticus | 21 | 90.0 | |||
| S. hominis | 50 | 64.0 | |||
| S. saprophyticus | 11 | 100.0 | |||
| S. warneri | 39 | 77.0 | |||
| MS Rapid GP | 1991 (130) | Staphylococci | 918 | 88.6 (99.1) | Culture collection, clinical and skin isolates; (includes probable identifications when the correct species has not reached required level of identification, but has been included in the four possible taxa) |
| S. aureus | 58 | 91.0 (95.0) | |||
| S. auricularis | 22 | 100.0 (100.0) | |||
| S. capitis | 70 | 88.6 (100.0) | |||
| S. caprae | 11 | 91.0 (100.0) | |||
| S. cohnii | 49 | 89.8 (93.8) | |||
| S. chromogenes | 19 | 68.0 (94.0) | |||
| S. epidermidis | 152 | 92.0 (99.0) | |||
| S. haemolyticus | 71 | 81.6 (94.5) | |||
| S. hyicus | 22 | 86.0 (95.0) | |||
| S. intermedius | 30 | 87.0 (90.0) | |||
| S. kloosii | 19 | 100 (100.0) | |||
| S. lugdunensis | 24 | 62.0 (70.0) | |||
| S. saprophyticus | 50 | 90.0 (100.0) | |||
| S. warneri | 55 | 83.6 (92.7) | |||
| S. xylosus | 32 | 97.0 (100.0) | |||
| MS Rapid GP | 1992 (50) | Staphylococci | 380 | 80.3 (93.2) | Multicenter study; (requiring additional tests) |
| MS Rapid GP | 1992 (221) | Staphylococci | 239 | 91.6 (95.4) | Stock cultures of clinical isolates; (low probability of identification) |
| S. aureus | 18 | 100.0 (100.0) | |||
| S. capitis | 21 | 85.7 (90.5) | |||
| S. cohnii | 10 | 80.0 (80.0) | |||
| S. epidermidis | 40 | 95.0 (100.0) | |||
| S. haemolyticus | 20 | 100.0 (100.0) | |||
| S. lugdunensis | 14 | 92.9 (100.0) | |||
| S. saprophyticus | 28 | 96.4 (100.0) | |||
| S. warneri | 25 | 96.0 (96.0) | |||
| S. xylosus | 12 | 75.0 (75.0) | |||
| MS Rapid GP | 1995 (108a) | Staphylococci | 69 | 82.6 (91.4) | Clinical isolates; (low probability) |
| MS Rapid GP | 1992 (229) | S. aureus | 31 | 100.0 | Clinical isolates |
| MS Rapid GP | 1995 (182) | S. aureus | 20 | 90.0 | Direct identification of positive blood culture centrifuged pellets |
| CoNS | 95 | 53.7 | |||
| MS Rapid GP | 1995 (241) | S. epidermidis | 57 | 93.0 (97.0) | Blood isolates |
| Other CoNS | 16 | 38.0 (49.0) | |||
| RAPiDEC Stapha | 1991 (85) | Staphylococci | 124 | 60.5 | Reference strains |
| RAPiDEC Staph | 1991 (85) | Staphylococci | 121 | 88.4 | Urine isolates |
| RAPiDEC Staph | 1991 (165) | Staphylococci | Direct detection in blood cultures, modification from recommended method by predilution of blood broth mixture with water. CoNS species determination not pursued | ||
| CoNS | 59 | 100.0 | |||
| S. aureus | 28 | 96.4 | |||
| RAPiDEC Staph | 1994 (112) | Staphylococci | 303 | 87.0 | Clinical and stock culture isolates |
| STAPHYtest | 1991 (211) | Staphylococci | 145 | 72.0 | Stock cultures, 24 h incubation; many CoNS species including S. epidermidis, S. hominis, S. warneri, S. xylosus |
| Staph-Zymd | 1992 (191) | CoNS | 131 | 95.0 | Clinically significant isolates |
| Staph-Zym | 1995 (108) | CoNS | 440 | 97.5 | Clinical isolates; S. warneri |
| Staph-Zym | 1991 (239) | Staphylococci | 148 | 91.1 | Bovine isolates; S. warneri, S. hominis |
| Staph-Zym | 1995 (192) | Staphylococci | 89 | 82.1 | Clinical isolates |
| Staph-Zym | 1995 (192) | Staphylococci | 111 | 99.0 | Culture collection isolates; S. warneri |
| Staph-Zym | 1989 (139) |
S. hyicus, S. intermedius |
85 | 100.0 | Isolates from pigs, bovines, and canines |
| Vitek GPI | 1992 (191) | CoNS | 131 | 95.0 | Clinically significant isolates |
| Vitek GPI | 1993 (13) | CoNS | 500 | 77.0 (86.0) | Clinical isolates; (good confidence-marginal separation) |
| S. capitis subsp. captis | 8 | 88.0 (88.0) | |||
| S. epidermidis | 322 | 89.0 (92.0) | S. capitis subsp. ureolyticus and S. lugdunensis are not in the database | ||
| S. haemolyticus | 68 | 71.0 (95.0) | |||
| S. hominis | 37 | 41.0 (63.0) | |||
| S. saprophyticus | 5 | 80.0 (100.0) | |||
| S. simulans | 12 | 33.0 (83.0) | |||
| S. warneri | 20 | 65.0 (80.0) | |||
| Vitek GPIa | 1994 (181) | CoNS | 277 | 67.0 | Bloodstream isolates; S. epidermidis, other CoNS species |
| Vitek GPI | 1996 (122) | CoNS | 616 | 53.0 (85.4) | Clinical isolates; (includes identifications of probability <90%); S. auricularis |
| S. capitis | 16 | 56.3 (75.0) | |||
| S. epidermidis | 274 | 53.3 (89.8) | |||
| S. haemolyticus | 124 | 62.9 (96.8) | |||
| S. hominis | 37 | 13.5 (73.0) | |||
| S. saprophyticus | 95 | 14.7 (83.1) | |||
| S. simulans | 31 | 45.2 (90.4) | |||
| S. warneri | 14 | 35.7 (42.8) | |||
| Other species | 25 | 32.0 (32.0) | |||
| Vitek GPI | 1990 (157) | Staphylococci | 130 | 44.6 | Bovine origin isolates |
a
bioMérieux-Vitek Inc., Hazelwood, Mo., and bioMérieux S.A., Marcy l’Etoile, France.
b
Biolog, Hayward, Calif.
c
Dade International Inc., West Sacramento, Calif.
d
Rosco, Tastrop, Denmark.