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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 20.
Published in final edited form as: Biofabrication. 2023 Jul 20;15(4):10.1088/1758-5090/ace0db. doi: 10.1088/1758-5090/ace0db

Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the fabrication of nanoengineered composite bioink.

Figure 1.

GelMA/Laponite hydrogels combine physical and covalent photo-crosslinking from GelMA and ionic reinforcement from Laponite. It creates a shear-thinning bioink that is highly printable, cell-friendly, and stable after covalent photo-crosslinking. Laponite provides ionic interactions to create a reinforced network, allowing GelMA to behave as a shear-thinning bioink with self-healing properties. In addition, after photo-crosslinking of the GelMA component, Laponite reinforcement synergistically enhances mechanical strength. Scale bar: 2 mm.