Table 1. Results for avian influenza virus results for wild mammals by specimen type, grouped by species, United States, 2022*.
| Animal | Test | No. positive or present/no. tested or examined (%) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal swab | OP swab | Nasal and OP swab | Tracheal swab | Brain | Heart | Lung | Liver | Lymphoid system | ||
| Red fox |
PCR | 20/22 (90) | 15/18 (83) | 9/9 (100) | 5/7 (71) | 31/32 (96) | 7/8 (87) | 12/13 (92) | NA | NA |
| Lesions | NA | NA | NA | NA | 38/38 (100) | 25/37 (68) | 35/38 (92) | 13/32 (41) | 18/32 (56) | |
| IHC |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
13/17 (76) |
3/5 (60) |
2/15 (13) |
1/3 (33) |
0/3 (0) |
|
| Skunk |
PCR | NA | 1/1 (100) | NA | NA | 3/3 (100) | NA | 3/3 (100) | 2/2 (100)† | 2/2 (100)† |
| Lesions | NA | NA | NA | NA | 3/5 (60) | 0/5 (0) | 5/5 (100) | 5/5 (100) | 5/5 (100) | |
| IHC |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
2/2 (100) |
5/5 (100) |
1/1 (100) |
|
| Raccoon |
PCR | 1/1 (100) | 3/3 (100) | NA | NA | 1/1 (100) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Lesions | NA | NA | NA | NA | 4/4 (100) | 1/4 (25) | 3/4 (75) | 1/4 (25) | 2/4 (50) | |
| IHC |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
1/1 (100) |
1/1 (100) |
1/1 (100) |
NA |
1/1 (100) |
|
| Opossum |
PCR | NA | 2/2 (100) | 2/2 (100) | NA | 2/2 (100) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Lesions | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1/2 (50) | 0/2 (0) | 0/2 (0) | 1/2 (50) | 0/2 (0) | |
| IHC |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
2/2 (100) |
NA |
1/2 (50) |
NA |
NA |
|
| Bobcat |
PCR | 2/2 (100) | 2/2 (100) | NA | NA | 2/2 (100) | 1/2 (50) | 2/2 (100) | NA | NA |
| Lesions | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2/2 (100) | 2/2 (100) | 1/2 (50) | 1/2 (50) | 2/2 (100) | |
| IHC |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
1/2 (50) |
NA |
0/2 (0) |
NA |
NA |
|
| Coyote |
PCR | NA | NA | 1/1 (100) | 1/1 (100) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Lesions | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1/1 (100) | 1/1 (100) | 1/1 (100) | A | 0/1 (0) | |
| IHC |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
|
| Gray fox |
PCR | NA | NA | 1/1 (100) | 0/1 (0) | 0/1 (0) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Lesions | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0/1 (0) | 0/1 (0) | 0/1 (0) | 0/1 (0) | 0/1 (0) | |
| IHC |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
|
| Fisher |
PCR | NA | 1/1 (100) | NA | NA | 1/1 (100) | NA | 1/1 (100) | 1/1 (100) | 1/1 (100) |
| Lesions | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1/1 (100) | 0/1 (0) | 1/1 (100) | 1/1 (100) | 1/1 (100) | |
| IHC |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
|
| Total PCR results |
23/25 (92) |
24/27 (88) |
13/13 (100) |
6/9 (66) |
40/42 (95) |
8/10 (80) |
18/19 (94) |
3/3 (100)† |
3/3 (100)† |
|
| Total lesion results |
NA |
NA |
NA |
NA |
50/54 (93) |
29/53 (55) |
46/54 (85) |
22/47 (47) |
28/48 (58) |
|
| Total IHC results |
NA | NA | NA | NA | 17/22 (77) | 4/6 (67) | 6/22 (27) | 6/8 (78) | 2/5 (40) | |
*Lesions were detected by using histopathologic analysis. A, major autolysis; IHC, immunohistochemical analysis; NA, not assessed; OP, oropharyngeal. †Sample includes pooled liver and spleen.