Table 1. Brief description of the data.

SLDH: Symptomatic lumbar disc herniation

Serial no.	Author and year	Aim of the study	Conclusion
1	Wang et al.; 2020 [14]	The incidence of regression after the non-surgical treatment of symptomatic lumbar disc herniation: a systematic review and meta-analysis	Wang present a total IR of 63% for SLDH patients who were not surgically treated, giving clinical decision makers quantifiable proof of IR. When determining whether to undertake surgery for SLDH, we recommend a follow-up timeline with time points 4 and 10.5 months following onset, based on our systematic review.
2	Yoon et al.; 2021 [15]	Herniated discs: when is surgery necessary?	The indications for surgery for varying degrees of disc herniations are described in this review. Surgery is recommended for cervical disc herniation (CDH) if symptoms don't go away after six months and don't respond to conservative measures. Surgery for thoracic disc herniation (TDH) is recommended if non-surgical treatment is ineffective or exacerbates neurological symptoms. If MRI verifies the lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and there is no improvement after six weeks of conservative therapy, surgery is recommended.
3	Ali et al.; 2013 [16]	Lumbar disc herniation in patients with chronic backache	Seventy-nine percent of 477 individuals with chronic low back pain had strong radiographic evidence of disc prolapse at the lumbar vertebral levels. 52.6%, 39.5%, and 2.6% of these patients had disc herniation at L5-S1, L4-L5, and L3-L4. L1-L2 disc prolapse patients were not discovered. The study found that middle-aged individuals, particularly those with lower back pain, were more likely to have intervertebral lumbar disc prolapsed illness.
4	Arts al.; 2019 [17]	For lumbar disc herniation patients who are not responding to initial conservative treatment, the trial contrasts lumbar discectomy with bone-anchored annular closure, lumbar discectomy, and continued conservative care.	Lumbar disc herniation (LD) is more beneficial than conservative therapy (CC) in relieving back pain and leg pain, according to an analysis of 14 studies involving 3947 patients. Additionally, LD + AC was more successful in lowering the chance of reherniation and reoperation. Although the treatment impact was less in randomized studies, there was indirect evidence that LD + AC was superior to CC in lowering back pain, leg pain, and disability. According to the study's findings, LD is superior to CC in treating lumbar disc herniation symptoms that are resistant to first-line conservative treatment.
5	Lurie et al.; 2014 [18]	To assess the 8-year outcomes of surgery vs. non-operative care.	Individuals with a lumbar disc herniation who were carefully chosen and had surgery had better results than individuals who did not receive surgery; after four to eight years, there was little to no decline in either group's outcomes. Low-quality evidence suggested that surgical treatment is more effective than non-operative treatment in improving physical functions; no significant difference was observed in adverse events. No firm recommendation can be made due to instability of the summarized data.
6	Jacobs et al.; 2011 [19]	A comprehensive analysis comparing conservative treatment with surgery for sciatica caused by a ruptured disc in the lumbar region	The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of conservative treatment versus surgery for patients with sciatica brought on by lumbar disc herniations. Five RCTs were carried out to assess pain, functional status, perceived recovery, and missed workdays. There were two studies that showed little chance of bias. The outcomes demonstrated that, in contrast to extended conservative treatment, early surgery resulted in faster pain alleviation in individuals experiencing radicular pain for six to twelve weeks. However, after a year and a half, no discernible changes were discovered. Subsequent research ought to assess who gains most from conservative therapy versus surgery. Because of inadequate reporting and clinical heterogeneity, the data was not pooled.
7	Dan-Azumi et al.; 2018 [20]	A systematic study and meta-analysis comparing surgery and conservative treatment for lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy	In summary, the available data indicates that early surgery, without any long-term differences, is preferable to conservative therapy for patients with lumbar disc herniation and radiculopathy. The populations of the included studies were highly diverse, so care should be taken when interpreting the review's findings.