Table 2.

Comparisons between American Indian/Alaska Native and Non-Hispanic White adult inpatients from the CEC-UW COVID-19 cohort on comorbid disorders, treatment access, and area deprivation.

Characteristic	American Indian/ Alaska Native N = 546		Non-Hispanic White					p valueb
			Full sample N = 78,128		p valuea	Matched sampled N = 2,645
	N	%	N	%		N	%
Sex					0.698			0.948
Female	270	49.5	37,984	48.6		1299	49.1
Male	276	50.5	40,412	51.4		1346	50.9
Age					< 0.001			0.833
18–49	188	34.4	14,647	18.7		874	33.0
50–64	164	30.0	19,737	25.3		805	30.4
65+	194	35.5	43,744	56.0		966	36.5
Smoking status					0.038			0.95
Never smoker	288	52.7	38,441	49.2		1402	53.0
Former smoker	178	32.6	28,989	37.1		877	33.2
Current smoker	55	10.1	6252	8.0		256	6.7
Missing	25	4.6	4446	5.7		110	4.2
Current comorbidities
Obesity	159	29.1	19,337	24.8	0.018	695	26.3	0.184
Diabetes (Type 2)	224	41.0	21,449	27.5	< 0.001	640	24.2	< 0.001
Chronic renal failure	113	20.7	15,669	20.1	0.231	444	16.8	0.026
Liver disease	64	11.7	4807	6.2	< 0.001	173	6.5	< 0.001
Heart disease	331	60.6	50,853	65.1	0.029	1493	56.5	0.070
Cancer	41	7.5	6690	8.6	0.380	207	7.8	0.818
Alcohol use disorder	39	7.1	2416	3.1	< 0.001	104	3.3	0.001
Drug use disorder	27	4.9	2245	2.9	0.004	110	4.2	0.399
Insurance type					< 0.001			< 0.001
Commercial	142	26.0	21,190	27.1		1014	38.3
Medicare	251	46.0	46,960	60.1		1172	44.3
Medicaid	98	17.9	4677	6.0		261	9.9
Uninsured	20	3.7	1289	1.6		51	1.9
Other	35	6.4	4012	5.1		147	5.7
Received antiviral medication					0.880			0.498
No	270	49.6	39,042	50.0		1355	51.2
Yes	274	50.4	39,086	50.0		1290	48.8
Distance to treatment					< 0.001			< 0.001
< 60 miles	420	76.9	73,246	93.8		2589	90.3
≥ 60 miles	126	23.1	7898	6.2		256	9.7
Region					< 0.001			0.860
Northeast	109	20.0	26,714	34.2		540	20.4
Midwest	145	26.6	27,102	34.7		725	27.4
South	132	24.2	20,367	26.1		660	25.0
West	160	29.3	3909	5.0		720	27.2
Urbanicity					< 0.001			< 0.001
Urban	472	86.4	72,727	93.1		2465	93.2
Rural	74	13.6	5360	6.9		180	6.8
Area social deprivation quintile					< 0.001			< 0.001
Lowest 20%	38	7.1	15,328	19.8		518	19.9
20–40%	48	9.0	15,602	20.1		459	17.7
40–60%	96	17.9	15,586	20.1		522	20.1
60–80%	94	17.6	15,471	20.0		525	20.2
Highest 20%	259	48.4	15,514	20.0		576	22.2
Year					0.062			0.530
Feb 2020–Dec 2020	231	42.3	30,007	38.4		1075	40.6
Jan 2021–Jan 2022	315	57.7	48,121	61.6		1570	59.4
Fully vaccinatedc	181	33.2	30,265	38.7	0.026	993	37.5	0.663
No	479	88.1	66,140	84.7		2311	87.4
Yes	65	11.9	11,988	15.3		334	12.6

^aChi-square tests comparing proportions to AIAN.

^bCochran–Mantel–Haenszel tests comparing proportions to AIAN.

^cFully vaccinated before hospitalization; see Supplemental Text S2.

^dMatch 1 sample used for matched analyses; samples were matched on sex, age, region, and year.