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. 2023 Nov 15;17:1174951. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1174951

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Work plan, characterization, and validation of sEVs. (A) The work plan of sEV-derived miRNA and plasma miRNA isolation. Morphological characterization of isolated sEV through transmission electron microscopy in young controls (B), age-matched controls (C), and PD patients (D) (scale bar 100 nm). (E) Western blot of sEV markers (CD9, Flotillin-1), neuronal marker (L1CAM), and a negative marker of sEVs (Calnexin) for sEV validation. Graphical representation of the distribution of the size of sEV sub-populations (nm) vs. concentration (particle/ml) in young controls (F), age-matched controls (G), and PD patients (H). (I) Comparison of sEV concentration in young controls, age-matched controls, and PD patients (p = 0.003).