Table B.7.

Adjusted Odds Ratios with 95% Confidence Interval for Multivariate Regression Models of Adult Substance Use Outcomes on the Positive Childhood Experience (PCE) Domain Measures Without and With Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) Exposure Adjustment

	Ever Smoker	Binge Drinking
PCE Domains Measures Before Controlling for ACEs
Adjusted Odds Ratios (95% CI)
Peer Support & Healthy School Climate	0.98 (0.92–1.05)	0.97 (0.91–1.04)
Neighborhood Safety	1.01 (0.94–1.08)	1.00 (0.93–1.08)
Neighborhood Support	0.95 (0.89–1.01)	0.96 (0.89–1.02)
Nurturing Paternal Relationship	0.88 (0.82–0.94)***	0.87 (0.81–0.93)***
Nurturing Maternal Relationship	0.87 (0.82–0.93)***	0.87 (0.82–0.93)***
PCE Domains Measures After Controlling for ACEs
Adjusted Odds Ratios (95% CI)
Peer Support & Healthy School Climate	1.05 (0.98–1.12)	1.04 (0.91–1.19)
Neighborhood Safety	1.05 (0.98–1.14)	1.25 (1.06–1.48)**
Neighborhood Support	1.00 (0.94–1.07)	1.07 (0.93–1.24)
Nurturing Paternal Relationship	0.95 (0.88–1.02)	0.99 (0.87–1.14)
Nurturing Maternal Relationship	0.94 (0.88–1.00)	0.94 (0.82–1.07)

PCE = positive childhood experience, ACE = adverse childhood experience, aOR = adjusted odds ratios, CI = confidence intervals.

We created two indicator variables for whether the respondent reported (1) ever smoking cigarettes and (2) binge drinking in the past year, defined as reporting at least one day of drinking five (for men) or four (for women) drinks or more in one occasion within the past year. Models were survey weighted logistic regressions adjusted for covariates in Table 1. Each PCE domain z-score measure was used as a separate independent variable in the models shown in the table. The adjusted odds ratios reflect the change in the health outcome for every 1 standard deviation change in the given PCE domain z-score measure.

*indicate significant difference from referent group with p-value <0.05, ** p-value <0.01, *** p-value <0.001.