Table 1.
Baseline demographic data before LVAD implantation
| Pre-LVAD ICD shock (n = 71) | No Pre-LVAD ICD shock (n = 238) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Average age (y) | 57 ± 11 | 57 ± 12 | 1 |
| Male | 64 (90) | 204 (86) | .43 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) | 41 (58) | 98 (41) | .015 |
| Nonischemic cardiomyopathy | 29 (41) | 94 (40) | .90 |
| HeartMate II | 16 (23) | 84 (35) | .045 |
| HeartMate III | 18 (25) | 40 (17) | .12 |
| HeartWare | 29 (41) | 102 (43) | .79 |
| Other continuous-flow LVAD | 8 (12) | 13 (5) | .11 |
| INTERMACS score | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 1 |
| Bridge to transplant indication | 28 (39) | 98 (41) | .90 |
| Preimplant VT ablation | 21 (30) | 0 | <.0001 |
| Hypertension | 61 (86) | 172 (72) | .04 |
| Diabetes | 29 (41) | 102 (43) | .79 |
| Creatinine | 1.3 ± 0.4 [0.5–2.7] | 1.5 ± 0.7 [0.4–4.4] | .02 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 29 (41) | 81 (34) | .32 |
| Hemodialysis | 2 (3) | 2 (1) | .23 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 26 (37) | 63 (26) | .10 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 29 (41) | 46 (19) | .0004 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 45 (63) | 132 (55) | .27 |
| Previous stroke | 20 (28) | 30 (13) | .003 |
| History of smoking | 48 (68) | 155 (65) | .78 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 16 ± 5 | 17 ± 8 | .32 |
| Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (cm) | 6.5 ± 1.1 [4.3–9.2] | 6.1 ± 1.2 [1.8–10.1] | .01 |
| Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter >7 cm before LVAD | 39 (55) | 101 (42) | .08 |
| Cardiac resynchronization therapy | 45 (63) | 104 (44) | .004 |
| Preimplant beta-blocker use | 60 (85) | 196 (82) | .72 |
| Preimplant ACEi/ARB/ARNI use | 46 (65) | 152 (64) | 1 |
| Preimplant mineralocorticoid | 33 (46) | 100 (42) | .59 |
| Preimplant Class III antiarrhythmic drug | 41 (58) | 74 (31) | .0001 |
Patient subsets divided between those receiving pre-LVAD ICD shocks and those not receiving pre-LVAD ICD shocks.
Value are given as n (%), mean ± SD, or mean ± SD [interquartile range] unless otherwise indicated.
ACEi = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI = angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor; BMI = body mass index; ICD = implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; INTERMACS = Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support; LVAD = left ventricular assist device; VT = ventricular tachycardia.