Table 3.

Competing-risk regression for transformation to AML in patients with MDS

Characteristic	HR	95% CI	P value
Autoimmune disease∗	1.04	0.90-1.19	.631
Immunosuppressive treatment†	0.99	0.80-1.21	.892
Age group, y
65-70	Reference
70-75	0.86	0.65-1.13	.278
75-80	0.71	0.54-0.93	.013
>80	0.55	0.42-0.72	<.001
Female sex‡	0.83	0.75-0.922	.001
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	Reference
Non-Hispanic Black	0.81	0.62-1.06	.116
Hispanic	1.03	0.65-1.62	.901
Other§	1.02	0.83-1.24	.868
Rural residence‖	0.85	0.73-1.01	.06
CCI
0-1	Reference
2-4	0.92	0.82-1.03	.125
>4	0.67	0.56-0.81	<.001
MDS histologic risk
Low	Reference
Intermediate	2.61	2.09-3.24	<.001
High	9.49	7.52-11.98	<.001
Transfusion dependence¶
Red blood cells	1.71	1.51-1.93	<.001
Platelets	4.46	3.81-5.21	<.001
HMA (≥4 cycles)#	2.37	2.06-2.73	<.001

^∗Reference group comprises those with absence of autoimmune disease.

^†Reference group comprises those with absent exposure to immunosuppressive treatment before MDS diagnosis.

^‡Reference group comprises those with male sex.

^§Includes Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and American Indian/Alaska Native.

^‖Reference group comprises those with urban residence.

^¶Reference group comprises those with absence of transfusion dependence.

^#Reference group comprises those with absence of sustained HMA treatment for at least 4 cycles.