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. 2023 Nov 8;9(11):e22013. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22013

Table 2.

Summary of colors obtained for different dyes as a function of different auxiliary products and treatments.

Auxiliary products and treatments Natural dyes
Eucalyptus Weld Madder Annatto True indigo Woad
None Yellowish-brown [40]; “brown shades” [42] Light yellow [44]; Beige [46] Red [3]; “yellow/orange” [56]; Pink [46,48,52]; Brown, reddish-brown and dark brown [13]; Beige [49]; Orange [50] “Orange-yellow” [3,62]; “Yellow to red” [42]; Orange [[59], [60], [61]] Blue [3,24,[59], [60], [61],65]; Gray [24] Blue [3,36]; Dark and light blue [36]
Alum Golden yellow [40]; “darker” [19] Yellow [44] Orange [50]; Pink [48,49]; Light red [22]
Aluminum sulfate Yellow [38,39] Light yellow [46] Reddish-brown [13]; Red [46]
Tin chloride Bright yellow [40]
Iron sulfate Beige [40] Brown [44] Gray [48,49]
Copper sulfate Brown [40] Olive green [44]
Sodium carbonate “Light lemony” [44]
Citric acid “Light creamy” [44] Orangish brown [50]
Mimosa Yellow [45] Red [55]
Pomegranate Reddish orange [13] Gray, blue, dark blue olive green [24]
Clonorchis sinensis Brown [13]
Rhus coriaria Bright orange [13]
Kumkum Green, dark blue, bright blue [24]
Quebracho Beige [49]
Laccase Beige [49]
AgNPs Blue and dark blue [65]
Ch–Cy Yellow [46] Red [46]
Plasma Beige and pink [48]
Cationization Pink and purple [48]
Gall oak Green [21]
Gall oak + alum “Creamy yellow” [44] Dark red [22]
m-Tgase + bentonite “Pink to red” [52]
Alum + mimosa Yellow and dark yellow [45] Reddish orange; Orange [55]
Citric acid + carboxylic acids Orangish brown [50]
Plasma + alum Pink [48]
Cationization + alum Pink and purple [48]
Plasma + iron sulfate Gray and beige [48]
Cationization + iron sulfate Purplish gray [48]
Quebracho + alum Pink [49]
Quebracho + iron sulfate Gray [49]
Laccase + alum Pink [49]
Laccase + iron sulfate Dark gray [49]
Myrobalan or pomegranate + iron sulfate Dark red [63]
Myrobalan or pomegranate + potash alum Light and yellowish red [63]