Table 2.

Summary of themes.

Theme	Characteristics	Topics represented
Hormone-free contraception: a certain type of natural	A dichotomy between “good” and “bad” hormones (natural vs artificial) motivates the choice of using a DCa. A DC is perceived as an alternative method in which its hormone-free aspect predominates over its digital aspect.	0 (natural contraception); 2 (no side effects contraception)
Empowering contraception: (Re)Turning to a normal self via self-control	The concept of a “normal self” that can be reached by using a DC and, in particular, by first cultivating self-knowledge. A normal self is not just in touch with but also in control of itself—which feels empowering.	4 (liberating contraception); 6 (empowering yet normative)
Algorithmic contraception: accurate if “used properly”	Being based on personal, quantitative data, the DC is seen as trustworthy and scientific as it becomes progressively accurate over time but only if user diligence is applied—excluding certain types of bodies and life situations.	5 (cost of knowledge)
(Inter)active contraception: rewarding and agential	The DC is seen as interactive—not only does it respond to input data, it also takes the initiative, which contributes to its trustworthiness and perceived support. Expectations around mutual learning.	8 (body or algorithm); 10 (satisfied with app-based contraception); 11 (data needs)
Collaborative contraception: shareable responsibility and new frictions	Interpersonal, collaborative aspects of contraception. The DC facilitates sharing experiences and burden (or highlights single-sided responsibility) while creating points of friction in the new routines.	2 (no side effects contraception); 7 (frustrating routines)

^aDC: digital contraceptive.