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. 2023 Nov 10;9(11):e22111. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22111

Figure-1.

Figure-1

Schematic photo of Gastro-esophagus reflux as the primary source of bile presence in lungs. Bile aspiration caused by GER has a direct impact on the respiratory pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The presence of bile is associated with increased antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and virulence regulation to cause a chronic infection.