Figure 3.

Gene editing delivery systems

Schematic illustration of the varieties of the tools to deliver genome editing components, classified into two categories based on the different constituents and cellular entry mechanisms: viral (A) and non-viral methods (B). In the first category, the most widely used viruses for delivery of GE tools are retroviruses, adeno-associated viruses, and adenoviruses, where entry mechanisms of the gene editing components into the target cell are virus specific. Viral methods can be used for both in vitro and in vivo applications. The non-viral delivery methods can be further split into three subgroups: physical methods utilized for in vitro gene editing (gene gun, electroporation and microinjection), and biological (extracellular vesicles, EVs) or chemical (lipid nanoparticles, LNPs; Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles, PLGA NPs; dendrimers and inorganic nanoparticles) methods for in vivo gene editing.