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. 2023 Nov 29;16:86. doi: 10.1186/s12245-023-00566-1

Table 2.

Self-discharge from the emergency department during acute recreational drug toxicity: demographics and treatment

Self-discharge
n (%)
Other discharge
n (%)
P-value
Males 1393 (77.1) 10 345 (77.6) 0.63
Agea,b 33 (26–42) 32 (25–40) < 0.001
Brought by ambulance 1282 (70.9) 9378 (70.4) 0.63
Length of hospital staya 2:20 (1:13–3:59) 4:25 (2:36–7:55) < 0.001
Treatmentc 605 (33.5) 7128 (53.5) < 0.001
Intubated 1 (0.1) 514 (3.9) < 0.001
Sedation 120 (6.6) 2641 (19.8) < 0.001
Naloxone 295 (16.3) 2157 (16.2) 0.91
Flumazenil 10 (0.6) 303 (2.3) < 0.001
Other antidote 1 (0.1) 62 (0.5) 0.019
Total 1807 (100) 13 328 (100)

aMedian (interquartile range)

bAge not registered in 135 cases

cAny treatment beyond mere observation