Table 2.
Results of Statistical Analyses.
| Outcomes | All participants after mild stroke (n = 70) | Full recoverers after mild stroke (n = 38) a | Healthy control participants (n = 47) | Healthy vs all stroke participants | Healthy vs full recoverers |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
mini-BEST
median in points (IQR) |
24 (4) |
25 (2) |
26 (2) |
F (1,114) = 24.1, B: −1.98, CI: −2.78 to −1.18, P < .01 |
F (1,82) = 7.2, B: −1.33, CI: −2.18 to −0.48, P < .01 |
|
Timed Up & Go test
Mean in seconds (IQR) |
10.20s (2.55) |
9.53s (1.67) |
8.54s (1.77) |
F (1,114) = 25.6, B: 1.54, CI: 0.94, −2.15, P < .01 |
F (1,82) = 15.2, B: 1.04, CI: 0.51 to 1.57, P < .01 |
|
10 m walk test
Mean in kilometer per hour (IQR) |
4.66 km/h (1.16) | 4.86 km/h (0.96) |
5.22 km/h (0.75) |
F (1,113) = 14.8, B: −0.52, CI: −0.77 to −0.28, P < .01 |
F (1,82) = 10.4, B: −0.39, CI: −0.63 to −0.15, P < .01 |
| 6-item Activity-specific Balance Confidence scale median in percentage (IQR) |
77% (33) |
79% (34) |
89% (14) |
U = 801.5, P < .01 |
U = 479.0, P = .046 |
| Fall events Total number and falls per person-year |
n = 68, 0.97 per-y |
n = 31, 0.82 per-y |
n = 20, 0.43 per-y |
RR = 2.3, CI: 1.39 to 3.76, P < .01 |
RR = 1.9, CI:1.09 to 3.36, P = .02 |
| Fallers
b
Total number and percentage of group (ie, absolute fall risk) |
n = 33, 47% |
n = 17, 45% |
n = 16, 34% |
χ2 = 1.98, P = .16 |
χ2 = 1.01, P = .31 |
| Total duration of physical activity Mean in minutes per day (IQR) |
169 min/d (79) |
180 min/d (66) |
178 min/d (65) |
F (1,104) = 0.34, B: −5.74, CI: −25.24 to 13.76, P = .56 |
F (1,75) = 0.01, B: 1.10, CI: −19.77 to 21.98, P = .92 |
| Total duration of walking Mean in minutes per day (IQR) |
150 min/d (59) |
161 min/d (204) |
153 min/d (62) |
F (1,104) = 0.00, B: 0.12, CI: −17.95 to 18.19, P = .99 |
F (1,75) = 0.61, B: 7.83, CI: −12.14 to 27.81, P = .44 |
| Total intensity of physical activity Mean in counts per minute (IQR) |
1494 c/min (255) |
1540 c/min (276) |
1609 c/min (236) |
F (1,104) = 5.98, B: −99.87, CI: −180.84 to −18.9, P = .02 |
F (1,75) = 2.34, B: −76.22, CI: −175.58 to 23.14, P = .13 |
| Total intensity of walking Mean in counts per minute (IQR) |
1439 c/min (250) |
1472 c/min (272) |
1520 c/min (196) |
F (1,104) = 4.38, B: −68.06, CI: −132.51 to −3.60, P = .04 |
F (1,75) = 2.02, B: −53.54, CI: −128.52 to 21.44, P = .16 |
Results of the statistical analyses conducted between mild stroke participants, healthy controls as well as a sub-analysis in which full recoverers were compared to healthy control participants. Between-group comparisons of fall rates were performed using Poisson regression giving relative risk (RR) as outcome and a Chi-square analysis was used to compare the proportion of fallers between groups.
a
Subgroup of mild stroke participants with complete motor recovery of the paretic leg (ie, Fugl–Meyer Assessment–Lower Extremity = 28 and Motricity Index–Lower Extremity = 100).
b
Participants were considered fallers when at least one fall event was reported.