Table 4. Baseline Characteristics of Participants Stratified by Multimorbidity .
| 0 (n=5865) | 1 (n=4923) | 2 (n=2547) | 3 (n=1151) | ≥4 (n=520) | P | |
| No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | ||
| Gender | < 0.001* | |||||
| Male | 3441 (51.3) | 2069 (30.8) | 779 (11.6) | 327 (4.9) | 96 (1.4) | |
| Female | 2424 (29.2) | 2854 (34.4) | 1768 (21.3) | 824 (9.9) | 424 (5.1) | |
| Residential regions | 0.05* | |||||
| Urban residents | 4149 (39.8) | 3407 (32.7) | 1754 (16.8) | 771 (7.4) | 350 (3.4) | |
| Rural residents | 1717 (37.5) | 1517 (33.2) | 791 (17.3) | 380 (8.3) | 170 (3.7) | |
| Marital status | < 0.001* | |||||
| Not married | 336 (30.6) | 323 (29.4) | 214 (19.5) | 144 (13.1) | 81 (7.4) | |
| Married | 5529 (39.8) | 4600 (33.1) | 2333 (16.8) | 1007 (7.2) | 439 (3.2) | |
| Education level | < 0.0001** | |||||
| Illiterate | 632 (25.2) | 756 (30.1) | 573 (22.9) | 358 (14.3) | 188 (7.5) | |
| Primary school | 2150 (36.7) | 2002 (34.1) | 1054 (18) | 440 (7.5) | 213 (3.6) | |
| Diploma | 2360 (44.4) | 1777 (33.5) | 769 (14.5) | 297 (5.6) | 111 (2.1) | |
| University | 723 (54.6) | 388 (29.3) | 151 (11.4) | 53 (4) | 8 (0.6) | |
| Physical activity level (METs) | < 0.001** | |||||
| Low | 1599 (31.8) | 1606 (31.9) | 990 (19.7) | 546 (10.9) | 291 (5.8) | |
| Moderate | 1785 (35.8) | 1717 (34.5) | 918 (18.4) | 403 (8.1) | 158 (3.2) | |
| High | 2481 (49.7) | 1601 (32.1) | 637 (12.8) | 202 (4) | 71 (1.4) | |
| Quintiles of wealth index | < 0.0001** | |||||
| 1 (poorest) | 1271 (36.5) | 1151 (33.1) | 602 (17.3) | 319 (9.2) | 137 (3.9) | |
| 2 | 863 (34.1) | 809 (32) | 469 (18.5) | 254 (10) | 136 (5.4) | |
| 3 | 1168 (38.2) | 980 (32.1) | 559 (18.3) | 238 (7.8) | 111 (3.6) | |
| 4 | 1335 (42.7) | 1087 (34.8) | 480 (15.4) | 159 (5.1) | 64 (2) | |
| 5 (richest) | 1228 (43.6) | 896 (31.8) | 437 (15.5) | 181 (6.4) | 72 (2.6) | |
| Current smoking status | < 0.001** | |||||
| No smoker | 4080 (35.8) | 3830 (33.6) | 2096 (18.4) | 948 (8.3) | 447 (3.9) | |
| Ex-Smoker | 497 (39.9) | 417 (33.5) | 187 (15) | 109 (8.7) | 36 (2.9) | |
| Smoker | 1166 (56.1) | 577 (27.8) | 224 (10.8) | 80 (3.8) | 32 (1.5) | |
| Smoker other tobacco products (water pipe, hookah, pipe, etc) | 122 (43.6) | 99 (35.4) | 40 (14.3) | 14 (5) | 5 (1.8) | |
| Sleep duration (hour/day) | 0.15** | |||||
| ≤ 6.5 | 1756 (37.2) | 1556 (33) | 846 (17.9) | 379 (8) | 180 (3.8) | |
| 6.6–7.3 | 1257 (43.5) | 949 (32.8) | 433 (15) | 172 (6) | 79 (2.7) | |
| 7.4–8 | 1730 (41.6) | 1360 (32.7) | 669 (16.1) | 279 (6.7) | 119 (2.9) | |
| ≥ 8 | 1122 (34.6) | 1058 (32.7) | 597 (18.4) | 321 (9.9) | 142 (4.4) | |
| Age (y), mean ± SD | 47.41 ± 8.90 | 48.94 ± 9.05 | 52.36 ± 8.98 | 55.03 ± 8.50 | 56.25 ± 7.54 | < 0.001*** |
METs, metabolic equivalent of task.
* Chi-square test; ** Kruskal-Wallis H; *** One way ANOVA.