Table 5. Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Associated with Multimorbidity in the Azar Cohort Population .

	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	P Value	Adjusted ORa (95% CI)	P Value
Age (y)
35–45	Reference
46–55	1.83 (1.71–1.96)	< 0.001	1.85 (1.72–1.99)	< 0.001
56–70	3.31 (3.07–3.57)	< 0.001	3.44 (3.16–3.75)	< 0.001
Gender
Male	Reference
Female	2.58 (2.43–2.74)	< 0.001	2.77 (2.59–2.96)	< 0.001
Residential regions
Rural residents	1.09 (1.03–1.17)	0.003	0.96 (0.90–1.03)	0.31
Urban residents	Reference
Marital status
Not married	1.73 (1.54–1.94)	< 0.001	1.00 (0.88–1.12)	0.99
Married	Reference
Education level
Illiterate	4.07 (3.58–4.62)	< 0.001	1.74 (1.50–2.02)	< 0.001
Primary school	2.10 (1.88–2.36)	< 0.001	1.62 (1.43–1.83)	< 0.001
Diploma	1.50 (1.33–1.68)	< 0.001	1.39 (1.23–1.57)	< 0.001
University	Reference		-
Quintiles of wealth index
1 (poorest)	1.36 (1.24–1.49)	< 0.001	1.17 (1.07–1.29)b	< 0.001
2	1.57 (1.42–1.74)	< 0.001	1.34 (1.21–1.48)b	< 0.001
3	1.27 (1.16–1.40)	< 0.001	1.20 (1.09–1.32)b	< 0.001
4	0.97 (0.89–1.07)	0.61	1.05 (0.96–1.16)b	0.26
5 (richest)	Reference
Physical activity level (METs)
Low	2.35 (2.19–2.53)	< 0.001	1.89 (1.75–2.05)	< 0.001
Moderate	1.80 (1.67–1.93)	< 0.001	1.33 (1.23–1.44)	< 0.001
High	Reference
Sleep duration
≤ 6.5	0.87 (080–0.94)	0.001	1.02 (0.93–1.10)	0.67
6.6–7.3	0.65 (0.60–0.72)	< 0.001	0.82 (0.74–0.90)	< 0.001
7.4–8	0.72 (0.66–0.78)	< 0.001	0.85 (0.78–0.92)	< 0.001
> 8	Reference
Current smoking status
No smoker	Reference
Ex-smoker	0.90 (0.84–0.96)	0.002	1.23 (1.14–1.32)	< 0.001
Smoker	0.60 (0.57–0.64)	< 0.001	0.94 (0.88–1.00)	0.07
Smoker other tobacco products (water pipe, hookah, pipe, etc)	0.78 (0.68–0.89)	0.001	1.25 (1.09–1.43)	0.001

METs, metabolic equivalent of task.

^a Adjusted for age, gender, education levels, marital status and wealth score index (WSI) if applicable.

^b Adjusted for age.