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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Nov 29.
Published in final edited form as: Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA. 2019 Jul 29;11(1):e1560. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1560

Figure 1. Mammalian model of NMD activation.

Figure 1.

(A) During translation of a normal mRNA the ribosome dislodges EJCs as it traverses the RNA molecule up until the NTC. (B) Activation of NMD on a PTC-containing mRNA can occur by at least two mechanisms: i) During EJC-dependent NMD, a PTC found more than 50–55 nucleotides upstream of a downstream exon-exon junction triggers NMD. ii) EJC-independent NMD relies on proteins other than the EJC found downstream of the PTC, including UPF1. Red ovals represent NMD-associated factors.