Table 1.

Recognizing Indigenous Peoples' rights and interests in research sovereignty: actions for researchers and institutions.

	Actions for researchers	Actions for institutions
Sovereignty/self determination
Sovereignty/self determination	Recognize Indigenous Peoples' jurisdiction, control, and self-determination in research.	Engage local Indigenous Peoples to advise on creation and implementation of research policies and practices while incorporating Indigenous Peoples' rights and interests into institutional guidelines and policies through appropriate mechanisms (e.g., MOUs/MOAs/agreements; collective consent from Indigenous leadership for IRB approval of research involving Indigenous Peoples).
Ownership	Recognize Indigenous Peoples' ownership of their knowledge, data, information, and specimens.	Build recognition of Indigenous Peoples' ownership of research materials and data into administrative procedures and practices (e.g., required consultation, drafting of MOUs/MOAs/agreements/contracts).
Indigenous community worldviews	Center Indigenous Peoples' philosophies and community objectives while being culturally responsive.	Negotiate MOUs/MOAs/agreements/contracts that recognize and respect Indigenous Peoples' values, cultures, philosophies, and objectives.
Rights, interests, and priorities	Actively solicit Indigenous Peoples' research goals and priorities for incorporation throughout project lifecycle while respecting their restrictions.	Establish research MOUs/MOAs/agreements/contracts that reflect the values, interests, and agendas of participating Indigenous Peoples.
Assessment of collective risks and benefits
Collective risks posed by research generally	Consider and plan for collective risks and impacts of research in collaboration with participating Indigenous Peoples throughout lifetime of the project.	Account for collective risks, impacts, and protections in policies governing research review, publication, data stewardship, while supporting innovation that aligns research with Indigenous Peoples' cultural, social, economic, and political wellbeing.
Risks to individual citizens/members, families	Understand, respect, and respond to perspectives of individual participants, participants' family members, and non-participating Indigenous community members in conceptualizing, conducting, and publishing research.	Develop research review, publication, and data stewardship policies and procedures that account for the perspectives of individual participants, participants' family members, and non-participating Indigenous community members in defining risks and protections.
Collective risks to culture/spirituality	Respect cultural values and traditions of Indigenous Peoples (as collectives), individual participants, participants' family members, and non-participating Indigenous community members in conceptualizing, conducting, and publishing research.	Develop research review, publication, and data stewardship policies that respect cultural values and traditions of Indigenous Peoples (as collectives), individual participants, participants' family members, and non-participating Indigenous community members.
Collective risks to Indigenous knowledges/intellectual property	Respect Indigenous Peoples' right to control and protect their knowledges and intellectual property.	Recognize Indigenous knowledges and cultural intellectual property rights in legal and policy infrastructure governing research and innovation.
Collective benefits of research generally	Ensure that benefits, as defined by participating Indigenous Peoples, are maximized throughout research.	Strengthen discipline appropriate research cultures and methodologies that are community engaged [e.g., Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR)] and develop research and funding infrastructures that are administratively responsive to Indigenous Peoples' understandings of research benefits.
Collective benefits from commercial use	Obtain consent from Indigenous Peoples for commercialization of research outputs and make arrangements for benefit sharing if communities agree to commercialization.	Co-develop with Indigenous Peoples a clear institution-wide policy position on commercialization of outputs from research involving Indigenous Peoples so they can negotiate benefits and prevent exploitation.