Table 2. Summaries of articles used for this review.

Author’s Name	Year of Publication	Journal’s Name	Summaries
Sebastiani, et al. [2]	2019	Nutrients	During pregnancy, it is essential to create a healthy environment for the mother's well-being and the future health of the unborn child. The "early life" development concept suggests that a woman's actions, lifestyle, and behaviors during pregnancy can influence her risk of chronic illness and the health of her unborn child.
Schwarzenberg, et al. [6]	2018	Pediatrics	The first two years of a baby's life, starting from conception, are crucial for organ development and have lasting effects on cognition, behavior, and mental and immunological health.
Melina, et al. [8]	2016	Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics	For vegans who are expecting, careful meal planning is essential. Although a well-planned vegan diet can support a healthy pregnancy, some nutrients, such as calcium, protein, iron, aomega-3 fatty, and Vitamin D, acids, may require extra care and supplementation to guarantee enough intakes.
Coletta, et al. [10]	2010	Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology	Essential fatty acids, like DHA and EPA, are crucial for prenatal neurodevelopment and must be obtained from food or supplements because the body can't produce them on its own.
Hibbeln, et al. [14]	2007	The Lancet	Because seafood has been linked to better neurodevelopmental outcomes for the fetus, partly because of the omega-3 fatty acids it contains, the FDA and EPA advise pregnant women to eat one to two servings of seafood each week.
Gale, et al. [16]	2008	European Journal of Clinical Nutrition	Active vitamin D is necessary for absorbing calcium from the intestines and for proper bone development. Severe maternal vitamin D deficiency can lead to pregnancy-related congenital rickets, neonatal fractures, and changes in skeletal health indicators.
Kumar, et al. [18]	2017	Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology of India	Calcium is transported from the mother to the fetus during fetal calcium metabolism, unlike PTH and calcitonin, which do not cross the placenta. Fetal calcium levels show a rising transfer rate, starting at 50 mg/day at 5 months of pregnancy and peaking at 330 mg/day at 35 weeks.
Zamora, et al. [21]	2016	Pediatrics Research	Iron is a micronutrient crucial for supporting erythropoiesis, the production of hemoglobin. In growing fetuses and young children, iron takes priority over other organ systems, including the brain, due to its essential role in hemoglobin production.
Georgieff, et al. [23]	2019	Annual Review of Nutrition	Ferrous iron in cluster proteins and hemoproteins supports crucial enzymes for cellular metabolism, including ATP production and oxygen delivery. Iron deficiency anemia symptoms are related, but organ dysfunction in iron deficiency often arises from tissue-level iron shortage, both before and after anemia is corrected with iron therapy.
Herring, et al. [24]	2018	Experimental Biology and Medicine	Protein synthesis and production of various nitrogenous compounds, including creatine,  nitric oxide (NO), dopamine, polyamines, catecholamines, and thyroid hormones, rely on amino acids (AAs). Some AAs also play a role in regulating metabolic and cell signaling pathways.
Ji, et al. [26]	2017	Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology	The placenta needs the right amino acid levels for proper fetal development. Inadequate protein in the diet can result in IUGR and placental problems, while excessive maternal protein intake can lead to IUGR, ammonia poisoning, and fetal/neonatal mortality. Both low and high protein consumption during pregnancy can cause amino acid imbalances.
Zeisel [28]	2006	Annual Review of Nutrition	A dietary choline shortage in humans leads to fatty liver (hepatosteatosis) because choline is needed to export excess triglycerides from the liver in lipoproteins.
Tonstad, et al. [30]	2009	Diabetes Care	A comprehensive literature review reveals a complex connection between a pregnant woman's health and pregnancy outcomes. Research suggests that adopting a vegan diet may lead to reduced risks of gestational diabetes, hypertension, and excessive pregnancy weight gain.
Pistollato, et al. [32]	2015	Advances in Nutrition	Evaluating pregnancy outcomes, fetal growth and development are critical. Research on the impact of a vegan diet on embryonic growth yields conflicting results: Some studies suggest lower birth weights for babies of vegan mothers, while others find no statistically significant differences.
Meltzer, et al. [33]	2007	Maternal & Child Nutrition	Fetal development is complex and influenced by factors beyond maternal nutrition, including maternal genetics, overall health, and socioeconomic status.
Gale, et al. [35]	2007	BMJ	A review on the impact of maternal veganism on children's cognitive and developmental outcomes suggests that preliminary studies show slightly higher IQ scores in children born to vegan mothers. However, more research is needed to draw conclusive findings.
Gale, et al. [36]	2009	Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry	Understanding that maternal nutrition is just one of many factors influencing a child's cognitive development, further extensive research is essential to establishing a causal connection between a mom's vegetarianism and her child's cognitive outcomes.