Table 2.
Deaths attributable to long term exposure to PM2.5 and ozone (O3) from fossil fuel use in thousands per year. In parentheses are the percentages of attributable deaths that could be avoided by phasing out fossil fuels relative to the maximum number that could be averted by controlling all anthropogenic emissions
| Regions | Population (million) | All cause | LRI | IHD | ST | DM | LC | COPD (PM2.5) | COPD (O3) | Sum of disease specific |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central-Eastern Europe, Central Asia | 418 | 361 (92.4) | 12 (92.3) | 175 (92.1) | 57 (91.7) | 10 (92.8) | 18 (93.6) | 11 (92.6) | 7 (92.0) | 290 (92.2) |
| Latin America, Caribbean | 582 | 151 (64.4) | 14 (62.4) | 36 (62.6) | 13 (63.8) | 20 (63.0) | 5 (63.2) | 10 (64.0) | 6 (92.0) | 104 (64.2) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 608 | 157 (86.2) | 8 (85.9) | 70 (85.7) | 19 (85.9) | 10 (86.5) | 6 (88.2) | 8 (87.4) | 11 (84.4) | 132 (85.9) |
| South Asia | 1805 | 1655 (85.3) | 110 (83.4) | 538 (86.0) | 227 (87.1) | 97 (84.5) | 27 (86.5) | 268 (87.5) | 115 (71.8) | 1381 (84.7) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 1078 | 163 (51.5) | 38 (47.8) | 29 (49.9) | 23 (51.0) | 15 (52.5) | 3 (53.1) | 7 (52.0) | 4 (70.3) | 120 (50.4) |
| Southeast and East Asia, Oceania | 2158 | 2192 (80.7) | 70 (70.5) | 558 (80.0) | 482 (81.5) | 86 (72.4) | 176 (82.4) | 263 (82.7) | 111 (87.9) | 1746 (80.7) |
| High income countries | 1084 | 462 (90.3) | 36 (86.0) | 89 (90.5) | 34 (89.1) | 20 (89.3) | 34 (90.3) | 27 (90.7) | 31 (96.8) | 271 (90.3) |
| Worldwide | 7709 | 5127 (81.7) | 287 (72.4) | 1494 (82.6) | 853 (82.3) | 257 (76.2) | 267 (83.6) | 592 (84.3) | 284 (81.0) | 4034 (81.5) |
COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM=diabetes mellitus type 2; IHD=ischaemic heart disease; LC=lung cancer; LRI=lower respiratory infections (including children <5 years); ST=stroke.