TABLE 2.
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of 41 isolates carrying the blaCTX-M gene
| Species | Strain | Hospitala | CTX-M group | pI(s)b | Other β-lactamase gene product(s) | MICc (μg/ml)
|
Antimicrobial resistance patternd | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CTX | CAZ | ATM | FEP | FOX | |||||||
| C. freundii | 03K892 | K | CTX-M-3 | 5.4, 7.4, 8.4, 8.7 | TEM-1, OXA-30, AmpC | 256 | 8 | 32 | 64 | 512 | AMP AMK GEN KAN CHL TET STR SXT TMP |
| E. coli | EC25 | D | CTX-M-3 | 5.4, 8.4 | TEM-1 | 128 | 2 | 16 | 16 | 8 | AMP AMK GEN KAN TET STR SXT TMP |
| E. coli | 03K681 | K | CTX-M-3 | 5.4, 8.4 | TEM-1 | 512 | 8 | 32 | 128 | 256 | AMP AMK GEN KAN CHL TET STR SXT TMP |
| E. coli | 03K203 | K | CTX-M-3 | 7.4, 8.0, 8.4 | OXA-30, CMY-1 | 128 | 128 | 256 | 256 | ≥512 | AMP AMK GEN KAN STR SXT |
| K. pneumoniaee | KP2 | D | CTX-M-3 | 7.4, 7.8, 8.4 | OXA-30, DHA-1 | 256 | 128 | 256 | 32 | 256 | AMP AMK KAN CHL STR SXT |
| K. pneumoniae | KP7 | D | CTX-M-3 | 8.4 | 256 | 8 | 32 | 128 | 16 | AMP AMK GEN KAN SXT TMP | |
| K. pneumoniae | KP9 | D | CTX-M-3 | 8.4 | 256 | 8 | 32 | 128 | 8 | AMP AMK GEN KAN SXT TMP | |
| K. pneumoniae | 03K839 | K | CTX-M-3 | 5.4, 7.4, 7.8, 8.4 | TEM-1, OXA-30, DHA-1 | ≥512 | 256 | 512 | 256 | ≥512 | AMP AMK GEN KAN CHL STR SXT TMP |
| S. marcescens | 03K188 | K | CTX-M-3 | 7.4, 8.4, 8.7 | OXA-30, AmpC | ≥512 | 128 | 256 | 512 | ≥512 | AMP AMK GEN KAN STR SXT |
| S. marcescens | 03K196 | K | CTX-M-3 | 7.4, 8.4, 8.7 | OXA-30, AmpC | ≥512 | 128 | 128 | 512 | ≥512 | AMP AMK GEN KAN STR SXT |
| S. marcescens | 03K201 | K | CTX-M-3 | 7.4, 8.4, 8.7 | OXA-30, AmpC | ≥512 | 64 | 128 | 512 | ≥512 | AMP AMK GEN KAN STR SXT |
| S. marcescens | 03K205 | K | CTX-M-3 | 7.4, 8.4, 8.7 | OXA-30, AmpC | ≥512 | 128 | 128 | 512 | ≥512 | AMP AMK GEN KAN STR SXT |
| S. marcescens | 03K168 | K | CTX-M-3 | 7.4, 8.4, 8.7 | OXA-30, AmpC | ≥512 | 64 | 128 | >512 | ≥512 | AMP AMK GEN KAN STR SXT |
| S. marcescens | 03K921 | K | CTX-M-3 | 8.4, 8.7 | AmpC | ≥512 | 32 | 128 | 512 | 256 | AMP AMK GEN KAN STR SXT |
| S. marcescens | 03K980 | K | CTX-M-3 | 8.4, 8.7 | AmpC | ≥512 | 64 | 256 | 512 | ≥512 | AMP AMK GEN KAN STR SXT |
| S. marcescens | SM 16 | D | CTX-M-3 | 8.4 | 64 | ≥1 | 32 | 32 | 8 | AMP AMK GEN KAN STR SXT TMP | |
| S. marcescens | SM 3 | D | CTX-M-3 | 8.4 | 512 | 4 | 64 | 64 | 16 | AMP AMK GEN KAN STR SXT TMP | |
| Enterobacter aerogenes | EA11 | D | CTX-M-15 | 5.4, 7.4, 7.6, 8.6 | TEM-1, OXA-30, SHV-1 | 512 | 128 | 128 | 256 | 4 | AMP STR SXT TMP |
| Enterobacter aerogenes | EA6 | D | CTX-M-15 | 5.4, 7.4, 7.6, 8.6 | TEM-1, OXA-30, SHV-1 | 512 | 128 | 128 | 256 | 4 | AMP TET STR SXT TMP |
| Enterobacter aerogenes | EA7 | D | CTX-M-15 | 5.4, 7.4, 7.6, 8.6 | TEM-1, OXA-30, SHV-1 | 512 | 64 | 128 | 256 | 4 | AMP TET STR SXT TMP |
| E. coli | 03K969 | K | CTX-M-15 | 5.4, 7.4, 8.6 | TEM-1, OXA-30 | 256 | 16 | 32 | 16 | 4 | AMP GEN TET STR SXT TMP |
| E. coli | 03K865 | K | CTX-M-15 | 5.4, 7.4, 8.6 | TEM-54, OXA-30 | 256 | 8 | 16 | 4 | 2 | AMP GEN KAN TET |
| E. coli | 03K582 | K | CTX-M-15 | 5.4, 7.4, 8.6 | TEM-54, OXA-30 | 256 | 32 | 64 | 128 | 8 | TET |
| E. coli | J133 | E | CTX-M-15 | 5.4, 7.4, 8.6 | TEM-54, OXA-30 | 256 | 32 | 64 | 128 | 8 | AMP GEN KAN STR SXT TMP |
| E. coli | J144 | E | CTX-M-15 | 5.4, 7.4, 8.6 | TEM-1, OXA-30 | 512 | 128 | 256 | 256 | 128 | AMP GEN KAN TET SXT TMP |
| E. coli | J158 | E | CTX-M-15 | 5.4, 7.4, 8.6 | TEM-1, OXA-30 | 512 | 128 | 256 | 256 | 16 | AMP GEN KAN TET |
| E. coli | J159 | E | CTX-M-15 | 5.4, 8.6 | TEM-1 | 512 | 64 | 256 | 256 | 32 | AMP GEN TET SXT TMP |
| E. coli | EC35 | D | CTX-M-15 | 5.4, 7.4, 8.6 | TEM-1, OXA-30 | ≥512 | 128 | 256 | 128 | 16 | AMP GEN KAN TET |
| E. cloacae | J187 | E | CTX-M-9 | 8.0, 8.5 | AmpC | 32 | 4 | 4 | 4 | ≥512 | AMP KAN CHL TET STR SXT TMP |
| E. cloacae | 03K42 | K | CTX-M-9 | 8.0, 8.2, 8.5 | SHV-12, AmpC | 32 | 64 | 128 | 4 | 512 | AMP KAN CHL TET SXT TMP |
| E. coli | 03K380 | K | CTX-M-9 | 8.0, 8.2, 8.5 | SHV-12, AmpC | 8 | 32 | 32 | <1 | 128 | AMP KAN CHL TET STR SXT TMP |
| E. coli | 03K776 | K | CTX-M-9 | 8.0, 8.5 | AmpC | 8 | ≤1 | 1 | <1 | 256 | AMP KAN TET STR SXT TMP |
| E. coli | EC27 | D | CTX-M-14 | 8.0 | 128 | 2 | 8 | 64 | 8 | AMPTET | |
| E. coli | ECS | D | CTX-M-14 | 5.4, 8.0 | TEM-1 | 512 | 8 | 32 | 64 | 32 | AMP GEN KAN CHL TET STR SXT |
| E. coli | J167 | E | CTX-M-14 | 5.4, 8.0 | TEM-1 | 128 | 2 | 16 | 8 | 8 | AMP GEN TET STR SXT TMP |
| E. coli | 03K319 | K | CTX-M-14 | 5.4, 8.0, 8.5 | TEM-1 | 32 | ≤1 | 8 | 4 | 4 | TET STR SXT |
| K. pneumoniae | 03K930 | K | CTX-M-14 | 8.0 | 512 | 8 | 32 | 128 | 32 | AMP KAN STR SXT | |
| K. pneumoniae | J22 | E | CTX-M-14 | 6.2,f8.0, 8.2 | OXA, SHV-12 | 256 | 8 | 32 | 64 | 32 | AMP KAN STR |
| K. pneumoniae | J64 | E | CTX-M-14 | 6.2,f8.0, 8.2 | OXA, SHV-12 | 256 | 8 | 512 | 64 | 8 | AMP KAN STR |
| K. pneumoniae | J1 | E | CTX-M-14 | 6.2,f8.0, 8.2 | OXA, SHV-12 | 128 | 256 | 512 | 16 | 8 | AMP KAN STR |
| K. pneumoniae | J112 | E | CTX-M-14 | 6.2,f8.0, 8.2 | OXA, SHV-12 | 256 | 512 | 512 | 32 | 8 | AMP KAN STR |
Hospital K is located in the city of Daegu, hospital D is in Cheonan, and hospital E is in Daejun in Korea.
The pI of β-lactamase as determined by IEF; underlined pIs correspond to the CTX-M enzymes.
MIC as determined by the agar dilution method. Abbreviations: CTX, cefotaxime; CAZ, ceftazidime; ATM, aztreonam; FEP, cefepime; FOX, cefoxitin.
Abbreviations: AMP, ampicillin; CHL, chloramphenicol; TET, tetracycline; STR, streptomycin; SXT, sulfisoxazole; TMP, trimethoprim; KAN, kanamycin; GEN, gentamicin; AMK, amikacin.
All K. pneumoniae isolates were positive for the PCR with the SHV primer sets, and further sequence determination revealed that these isolates have SHV-11, the β-lactamase located on the chromosome of K. pneumoniae, although the β-lactamase with a pI of 7.6 corresponding to the SHV-11 was not detected by the IEF analysis.
The β-lactamase with a pI of 6.2 was not inhibited by either 0.3 mM clavulanic acid or 0.3 mM cloxacillin, indicating an OXA-type β-lactamase. We did not perform further characterization of this β-lactamase.