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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Nov 29.
Published in final edited form as: Am Econ J Econ Policy. 2023 Nov;15(4):37–74. doi: 10.1257/pol.20210625
No MTF MTF
(1) (2)
Panel 1: Vital Statistics Natality Birth Data (2004)
 Age at Birth 27.59 27.86
 Number of Prenatal Visits 11.46 11.50
 Premature 12.22% 12.27%
 Low Birth Weight 8.42% 8.05%
 Mother is White 68.80% 63.13%
 Mother is Black 9.37% 12.31%
 Mother Used Tobacco 8.45% 5.88%
 Mother Drank Alcohol 0.49% 0.52%
 Births in Catchment Area Counties 17,802.16 24,218.31
N Counties 76 141
Panel 2: ACS Data (2013)
 Household Income $81,542.34 $86,597.00
 Proportion Black Population 15.05% 16.28%
 Proportion White Population 75.44% 73.70%
 Population with Health Insurance 85.56% 86.18%
 Medicaid 16.85% 16.42%
 Medicare 15.71% 15.04 %
 Population with TRICARE 3.65% 7.06%
 Labor Force Participation Rate 60.91% 62.10%
 Unemployment Rate 8.13% 7.94%
 College Graduates 19.94% 21.01%
 Poverty Rate 15.15% 14.35%
 Veterans 6.50% 7.49%
N Counties 61 119

Notes: Counties considered are all those within 40 miles of a Military Treatment Facility (MTF). Clinic-level MTFs do not accept inpatients. Panel 1 uses 2004 natality birth data from the National Vital Statistics System of the National Center for Health Statistics. Means are weighted by the number of births. Panel 2 uses the 2013 American Community Survey (ACS). County level means use person weights.