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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Nov 29.
Published in final edited form as: Am Econ J Econ Policy. 2023 Nov;15(4):37–74. doi: 10.1257/pol.20210625

Table 2:

First Birth Means

Starting with MTF Access Starting Without MTF Access (3)+(7)=0
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)
MTF/ MTF MTF/ No MTF Difference t-stat No MTF/ No MTF No MTF/ MTF Difference t-stat t-stat
Panel 1: Utilization
 Bed Days 2.535 2.530 −0.005 0.262 2.475 2.519 0.045 2.465* 1.767
 Bassinet Days 2.596 2.613 0.018 0.388 2.620 2.622 0.002 0.046 0.372
 RWP 0.496 0.496 −0.001 0.478 0.497 0.498 0.001 0.316 0.130
 Procedures 2.492 2.486 −0.005 0.389 2.316 2.289 −0.027 2.020 2.007
 Diagnostics 0.062 0.059 −0.003 0.513 0.068 0.088 0.020 2.879* 2.285*
 C-Section 0.236 0.232 −0.004 1.088 0.251 0.254 0.003 0.719 0.287
Panel 2: Outcomes
 Severe Complication 0.053 0.056 0.004 1.757 0.041 0.040 −0.001 0.312 1.348
 Preventable Complication 0.292 0.287 −0.005 1.222 0.233 0.225 −0.008 1.687 2.506*
 Severe Acute Maternal Morbidity 0.010 0.010 0.000 0.366 0.008 0.010 0.002 2.095 2.128
 28-Day Infant Mortality (per 1,000) 1.420 1.462 0.042 0.116 1.286 1.223 −0.063 0.161 0.035
 1-Year Infant Mortality (per 1,000) 2.543 2.775 0.232 0.472 3.025 2.194 −0.831 1.480 0.888
 Unplanned Readmission (per 1,000) 13.876 15.372 1.496 1.332 10.304 11.125 0.820 0.731 1.803
 Unplanned Child Readmission (per 1,000) 40.705 42.311 1.606 0.837 36.819 38.574 1.755 0.820 1.439
 30-Day Child Hosp. (per 1,000) 60.493 62.194 1.701 0.738 53.166 55.085 1.919 0.757 1.295
 1-Year Unplanned Child Hosp. (per 1,000) 88.807 90.795 1.988 0.722 78.160 85.546 7.386 2.394* 2.700*
 Any 1-Year Child Hosp. (per 1,000) 108.266 111.018 2.752 0.916 94.112 101.807 7.696 2.306* 2.787*
Sup-T Critical Value (0.05) 2.153 2.168 2.154
Share Giving Birth Off-Base 0.266 0.267 0.971 0.971
N 31,671 17,581 14,967 19,820

Notes: Column 1 shows means for first-birth outcomes for mothers who lived within 40 miles of an MTF hospital, and who moved to within 40 miles of an MTF hospital at a different base at the time of their second birth. Column 2 shows first-birth means for mothers who also lived within 40 miles of an MTF hospital, but who moved to a different base and were no longer within 40 miles of an MTF hospital at the time of their second birth. Column 3 lists the difference between these groups. Column 4 gives the t-statistic from a t-test where the null hypothesis is that the means in column 1 and column 2 are the same. Columns 5 and 6 show first-birth outcome means for mothers who did not live within 40 miles of an MTF hospital. Mothers in column 5 moved to a different base, but remained more than 40 miles away from an MTF hospital, while those in column 6 moved to within 40 miles of an MTF hospital at a different base by the time of their second birth. Column 7 lists the difference between the means in columns 5 and 6, while column 8 reports the t-statistic for a t-test where the null hypothesis is that there is no difference. The t-statistics reported in column 9 are from a t-test where the null hypothesis is that the sum of columns 3 and 7 is zero. The sup-t critical values reported at the bottom adjust for multiple hypothesis testing as suggested by Olea and Plagborg-Møller (2019).